Commercial Brands of Bleaching Solution & a Determination of the Best Buy Essay

Introduction : Sodium chlorate(I) forms the basis of most commercial bleaches. The amount present in bleaching solution can be determined by a volumetric technique. In this experiment, sodium chlorate(I) reacts with excess potassium iodide in the presence of acid to liberate. The iodine is titrated against standard sodium thiosulphate solution. Chemicals : Bleach solution , 0.1 M Na2S2O3 ,1 M H2SO4 , KI , Starch indicator Procedures : 1. Determine the total volume of bleach in the commercial bottles provided. Note the brand name, volume & price of each sample. 2. Pipette 25 cm3 bleach solution into a 250 cm3 volumetric flask. Make up to the mark & mix well. 3. Pipette 25 cm3 of this solution into a conical flask. Add 10 cm3 KI solution & 10 cm3 1 M sulphuric acid. 4. Titrate this mixture against the standard sodium thiosulphate solution provided. Add starch indicator when the solution become pale yellow. 5. Record your results and calculate the molarity of the orginal bleach solution. 6. Determine which bleach has the lowest price per mole of actual bleach. Results : Brand A = ___________KAO_____________ Brand B = _________Best Buy____________ Volume = ___________1.5L______________ Volume = ____________2L_______________ Price = _______$12.9 / Bottle____________ Price = ________$10.9 / Bottle____________ Mole = _________0.753 Mol_____________ Mole = ___________1.152 Mol ___________ $/mole = _______$17.13 / Mol ___________ $/mole = __________$9.46 / Mol__________ Best buy is ________ Best Buy___________ Titration of Brand A against the standard sodium thiosulphate solution Titration 1 2 3 4 Final Burette Reading (ml) 31.70 35.70 27.80 32.20 Initial Burette Reading (ml) 2.90 9.80 4.40 8.30 Volume of titrant (ml) 28.80 25.90 25.40 23.50 Mean volume of titrant (ml) = __(25.90+25.40+23.50)3 = 25.1 ml__ Calculation: The Result Of Brand A Sodium chlorate(I) reacts with excess potassium iodide in the Bleaching solution, which is a acid medium. Iodine solution produced. Following equation: 2H+-(aq) + OCl–(aq) + 2I–(aq) –> Cl–(aq) + I2-(aq) + H2O-(l) Secondly, the iodine solution is titrated with sodium thiosulphate solution Following equation: I2(aq) + 2 S2O32- (aq) –> S4O62- (aq) + 2 I-(aq) The Molarity of Na2S2O3 : = 0.1M Number of mole of S2O3- reacted with I2: : = Molarity X Volume = 0.1 X (25.11000) = 0.00251 mol The Mole ratio of Na2S2O3:: I2= 2:1 Number of moles of I2 reacted with S2O3- = (12) X 0.00251 mol = 0.001255 mol The Mole ratio of NaOCl: I2= 1:1 Number of moles of NaOCl used in the titration = I2 = 0.001255 mol Number of moles of NaOCl in the 250ml volumetic flask = 0.001255 mol X 10 = 0.01255 mol Number of moles in 1.5L bleach solution = 0.01255 mol 25 X 1500 = 0.753 mol Price of OCl- per mole in brand A = $12.9 0.753mol = $17.13 / mol Results : Titration of Brand B against the standard sodium thiosulphate solution Titration 1 2 3 4 Final Burette Reading (ml) 30.90 32.8 31.90 35.20 Initial Burette Reading (ml) 2.10 3.90 3.30 6.90 Volume of titrant (ml) 28.8 28.90 28.60 28.90 Mean volume of titrant (ml) = __(28.90+28.60+28.90)3 = 28.8 ml__ Calculation: The Result Of Brand B Sodium chlorate(I) reacts with excess potassium iodide in the Bleaching solution, which is a acid medium. Iodine solution produced. Following ionic equation: 2H+-(aq) + OCl–(aq) + 2I–(aq) –> Cl–(aq) + I2-(aq) + H2O-(l) Secondly, the iodine solution is titrated with sodium thiosulphate solution Following ionic equation: I2(aq) + 2 S2O32- (aq) –> S4O62- (aq) + 2 I-(aq) The Molarity of Na2S2O3 : = 0.1M Number of mole of S2O3- reacted with I2: : = Molarity X Volume = 0.1 X (28.81000)= 0.00288 mol The Mole ratio of Na2S2O3:: I2= 2:1 Number of moles of I2 reacted with S2O3- = (12) X 0.00288 mol = 0.00144 mol The Mole ratio of NaOCl: I2= 1:1 Number of moles of NaOCl used in the titration = I2 = 0.00144 mol Number of moles of NaOCl in the 250ml volumetic flask = 0.00144 mol X 10 = 0.0144 mol Number of moles in 2L bleach solution = 0.0144 mol 25 X 2000 = 1.152 mol Price of OCl- per mole in brand B = $10.9 1.152 mol = $9.46 / mol Questions : 1. Why must the KI be present in excess ? If less than the specified quantity of KI is added, what effect will this have on the results ? The bleach solution contain sodium chlorate(I),which have ions OCl-.We can prepare the iodine solution by adding the sodium chlorate(I) to potassium iodide in a acidic medium. At first, the sodium chlorate(I) Is the limiting agent. When we add the excess potassium iodide into the bleach solution. Not only it will not effect the result, but also the calculation can be more accurate. All the ions OCl- can be completely reacted. In addition, Iodine solution is only slightly soluble in water but it is very soluble in the solution, which contain I- ions. 2. What is the function of the sulphuric acid ? The function of sulphuric acid is provide a acidic medium containing excess iodide to ionizes the iodine solution to triiodide ions. We must know that the Brown colour of iodine solution is cause for the triiodide ions(I3-).This colour in observation of titration is very important. 3. Bleaching solutions may deteriorate for 2 reasons : (a) react with CO2 in the air according to the equation : 2 OCl- + CO2 –> CO32-+ H2 + Cl2 (b) what is the other reason ? It must be effected by light. It is because the The hypochlorite ions OCl-( will be decompose quickly under light Following equation:2NaOCl –>2NaCl + O2, .While losing some OCl- ions, the result in calculation will not be accurate 4. What should the starch indicator not be added too early ? The starch solution turns the iodine to blue black because of the formation of starch-iodine complex. Also, the complex is not reversible when the concentration of iodine is high. If we add the starch solution early, the attraction of starch molecules and iodine molecules will attract so strongly. Although we have add standard sodium thiosulphate solution, but we can not do completely finish the real result of titration and effecting the calculation. The above-mentioned tell us that the starch solution should be added when only a few of iodine solution left, near the end point of the titration.

Tenor in Email Communication

Today we will be discussing â€Å"tenor† in workplace emails. We will: 1) explain what tenor and how it is reflected in workplace emails, 2) why using proper tenor in the workplace is important, and 3) provide tips as to how you can successfully determine tenor for use in your own workplace emails. (First Slide) What is tenor? Tenor is the tone of a form of communication that reflects the relationship between the speaker and their audience. In regards to email, it is the relationship between the writer and their recipient. Every person uses different forms of tenor on a daily basis, whether they are in the work place, at home or even with friends. Tenor is present in an email and can be reflected in a number of ways. It is most evident in the formality of the speech used and the words chosen in the communication of ideas. However, the tenor of an email can also be affected by the subject matter of an email. More serious or pressing issues often call for a more formal use of tenor. (Second Slide) Why is tenor important? Also read: The Other Side of E-mail Tenor is an important element of workplace communication for a number of reasons. Firstly, the tenor used in an email demonstrates one’s level of respect for who they are speaking to. In the workplace, it reflects the level of respect one shows for their superior, co-workers or even direct reports. This is evident in the politeness and mannerisms displayed in the email. Calling your friend â€Å"dude† may be normal in their company, but calling your boss the same may be taken as offensive or undermining. Secondly, tenor can display your dedication or seriousness about issue. While some subjects may discussed light-heartedly, such as an office event, while other require more a serious tone, such as discussing grievances or personal absences. Mistaking tenor in the workplace can have a number of negative effects. It could possibly damage your work relationships and create tension in the workplace, reduce the effectiveness of workplace communication and processes, as well as reduce your chances for advancement in a company. Always remember to consider if your words could be misinterpreted before you click send! (Third Slide) So how do you determine the proper tenor to use in your email? There are 3 simple questions that you can use to evaluate your relation to the recipient and effectively gauge the proper tenor in an email. These questions are as follows: Ask yourself – What is the recipient’s position in the company? Are they a superior? A co-worker? A direct report? While these employees all share different roles, they can all be treated with different tenors. While your boss requires a highly formal level of tenor in your communication, a co-worker may not. – What is the subject matter of the email? As we have already mentioned, the subject matter of the email you are writing may also have an effect on the tenor you should be using. For instance, consider the co-worker mentioned above. On a day-to-day basis, a co-worker may not require a highly formal tenor in communication. However, while discussing this co-worker’s grievances, bereavement leave or other personal matters, a more formal tenor may be required to spare their feelings and show your respect for their situation. – Another good question to ask yourself is: Who will have access to the email? Although you may think the email you just sent is only seen by the recipient, this may not always be true. The last thing you want to happen is for your boss to see an email that you wrote and think that you may have disrespected another employee by using informal tenor. To end this conference, we would like to suggest some tips for determining and executing proper tenor in workplace emails. 1. Always use more formal language in your initial message. Once your recipient replies, it will be easier to determine what tenor is appropriate. It is better to err towards the casual side after an exchange of emails. 2. When in doubt, mirror it out! Mirroring is a valuable tool in determining workplace tenor. When mirroring, one simply replies to an email with the same tone as the sender. In other words, send email you would like to receive and you will do no wrong. 3. Always think before you send! You may think you are communicating one message, but your recipient may read another. Always be sure to re-read you emails and consider if your words could be misinterpreted.

Polar Bears

The different adaptations of the Polar Bears and Brown Bears Polar Bears: Polar bears mainly eat seals Paw pads with rough surfaces help stop the Polar Bears from slipping on the ice Polar Bears don't swim The polar bear's fat layer, which is three to four inches thick, not only protects it from the cold A polar bear is so well insulated that it experiences no heat loss. The bear's blubber layer can measure 4. 5 inches thick. Polar bears have excellent underwater vision. They can spot food up to 15 feet away.They have sharp claws and teeth to eat prey Their ears have small surface area compared to body, reduces heat loss Thick white fur for camouflage and insulation Long legs for running to catch prey Brown Bears: They have thick insulating coats and tend to be large which helps them to keep their body heat They hibernate during winter. They have sharp claws and teeth which help them attack their prey. Adult brown bears are powerful; much of their diet consists of nuts, berries, frui t, leaves and oots.Bears also eat other animals. Brown bears can be recognized by their most distinctive feature, their shoulder hump. The shoulder muscle helps the bears to dig up roots and tear apart logs to find food. These muscles are located in the ‘hump' of the brown bear. Brown bears can move rocks and logs and dig through hard soil and rocky ground using their long sharp claws when making their dens. They eat grass, fruit, insects, roots and bulbs of plants.

Business Ethics and Social Responsibility Case Study

Business Ethics and Social Responsibility - Case Study Example   This is made possible for the various forms of interrelationships established in the organization as persons interact with one another in the different levels of its structure, carries with it the core belief that each member of the organization are working towards the achievement and realization of the organization’s goals as they achieved human development and excellence in their field of expertise. And that actions performed by all its players are considered as within the purview of the organizations good. Thus, it is assumed as given and therefore not questioned the truism of the belief that workers and employees do not just perform their tasks in an excellent manner in order to yield a good product but that they have a sense of loyalty to the organization where they are members. However, the relationship between the organization from the management level and the employees is not always a bed of roses. Critical issues demanding decisive actions and decision making some times arise as some factors and judgments may tend to disturb the â€Å"harmonious† balance of the organization. Business has always been considered as â€Å"amoral.†(De George, 1999, p5) Implying that basically business enterprises have no other interests than to gain profit. Thereby, presenting the notion that businesses do not bother itself to question of right or wrong which is the interests of morality and ethics but are, instead, concerned with the question of how companies will be able to increase its gains and profits. This view, in fact, is also held by the Noble Laureate Milton Friedman that â€Å"the only social responsibility of business was to increase profit.†(Davies, 2000, p 99)  Ã‚  

E.G'S Refutation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

E.G'S Refutation - Essay Example this. In order to prove our position, we will be examining both sides of the story, as well as comparing his opinion with others in order to be able to better understand his position. By using the available research and literature that is available, in this paper will be able to be proved is the matter of how Gettier's opinion does have reason. This is what will be dissertated in the following. There are actually many different points that can be used in order to prove Gettier's opinion as being intelligent and basically correct, and several of these in particular will be used here. Edmond Gettier is an American philosopher and Professor Emeritus at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, and he is most noted for that of his refutation of the principle of deduction for justification, which was most aptly described in an article which he wrote. In this article, Gettier was incredibly outright in his position, and he challenges the justified true belief definition of knowledge, and this definition of knowledge dates as far back as Plato's Theaetetus. One of the biggest disputes in regards to Gettier's refutation is the fact that it 'had already been done', in particular by the work of Wittgenstein; at first his account was widely accepted, by most philosophers in fact, however it was the actual validity of his article that was put into question. His criticism of the Just ified True Belief model is definitely systematic, and in his article he provides several incredibly significant and influential examples of beliefs, of which are both true and justified. However, although they are - and for the most part always have been - considered as being true and justified, it has yet been considered that we should not classify this as being actual knowledge. There are certain opinions that have been made in regards to Gettier's work, and this includes the fact that Gettier's use of 'justification' is too broad, for example, and that he should not use it overly, as it is considered that only some kinds of justification count; some believe that his examples do not count as justification at all; as well, Robert Nozick, who was an American philosopher and professor, suggested in this regards that knowledge absolutely must consist of only justified true belief that is held in such a way that if, say, it turned out to be false, would not have been held. In order to prove the fact that Gettier's work and refutation was actually worthwhile and influencing, we must include the opinion of someone whose views went against his, such as Kwame Anthony Appiah. In Appiah's most noted book, Thinking it Through: An Introduction to Contemporary Philosophy, he offers an incredibly thorough introduction to contemporary philosophy, and as well he answers some of the most crucial questions in regards to human existence overall. Appiah, a Princeton philosophy professor, overtly attempts to

Contemporary Christian Thinkers Put the Christian Story to Work Essay

Contemporary Christian Thinkers Put the Christian Story to Work - Essay Example Due to demanding jobs, people no longer have the patience to prepare a meal from scratch and grocery managers have resulted to stocking foods that are quick to prepare. Industrial systems distortion has also ensured that these foods are much cheaper and readily available in outlets. Norman Wirzba laments how a head of broccoli is so much more expensive than a hamburger and a bottle of water costs more than a bottle of soda. However, these low prices come at a cost. The growing need for industries to keep their prices low has led to environmental degradation, selling of foods that have little or no nutritional value, poorly paid workers and uncompensated farmers all in the rush to report profits (Wirzba 24) . Chicks are genetically altered to quickly reach maturity and synthetic fertilizers and poisonous chemicals used to grow foods that are enticingly marketed as sexy or performance enhancing to register high turnovers. Consumer ignorance to these antics is so high and thus the autho r wants them to consciously buy and eat health foods for beautiful packaging does not translate to health and nutritional value. In this article, the author uses the Christian story of creation and resurrection to demonstrate life as it was intended in a Christian lifestyle. There is a great need for life to complete its full term uninterrupted and to allow for death so as to pave way for life. God created all animals and birds and put man in charge to take care and nature them. He created the world in a way that any individual or animal can only give its full value if it is whole. Therefore it is man’s role to nature chicken and not to genetically alter them to the point their chests become so heavy that they can only crawl in their already congested sheds. These acts by managers in the food production system are not only crude, but they pose serious health risks to the consumers since these chicken have to be treated with a cocktail of antibiotics due to the degrading metho ds used by the farmers (Wirzba 24). Jesus died on the cross so that all creatures under heaven can be free from the self serving impulses and be saved by his blood. Feeding on the body and blood and Christ should inspire everyone to live a life like he did which paid attention to nurturing animals and letting them live the life that God wanted. The Eucharist is an economic revolution which champions combined efforts and skills to grow together. It should inspire farmers to embrace healthy farming habits that do not lead to the degrading of the earth. Farming habits that improve fertility and continued bumper harvests are inspired by the death and resurrection of Jesus which brought forth new life, which gave glory to God in the Christian story. The author presents very crucial observations on the evolving eating patterns and deteriorating production systems. I agree that the modern consumer is slowly shunning good eating habits, and the recent increase of fast food outlets is a clea r indication that this is a thriving market. Lifestyle diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cancer are the norm. Fast foods are cheap thrills that have resulted to costly medical bills and the increase of low nutritional value products in the market (Wirzba 26). There is a great need to address consumer awareness so as to boycott these harmful products that are flooding the market. Industries should be coerced to be more transparent in their

Social Media Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Social Media - Assignment Example A legally astute marketer greatly reduces the transaction costs by forming strong relationships with the company’s customers and by taking timely judgments. However, operating in the cyberspace has its own risks and thus, legalities apply. The most common risk is that relating to intellectual property that may be misused against the terms of the licenses. In such cases, knowledge about legal tools helps in the protection of intellectual properties and other copyright data. A major risk of operating in the cyberspace is the generation of negative electronic word of mouth (eWOM). While social media outlets are great places to promote businesses and products for a low investment, they may sometimes even produce unintended outcomes. The presence of social media on the internet allows messages to travel fast in almost buzz-like fashion (Cheung and Thadani, 2010). In such a case, negative product reviews from discontent customers may hurt the brand image and may also discourage potential customers from buying. The situation calls for a dispute resolution strategy where customer dissonance is resolved and feedback is taken as to the improvement of a company’s product or services. Many businesses often dedicate exclusive feedback email addresses or hotlines in order to resolve the customer strives. Perhaps it is more sensible to deal with such complaints outside social media channels so as to prevent the spread of negative eWOM that may prove damaging to the customer-business relationship. Social media has changed how transactions occur over the internet and how audiences are engaged. Many of such consumer transactions now occur over state lines where the federal government is involved. Since most of social data, such as that on Twitter, is real time data the federal government can analyze such data in order to respond to them. The federal government Federal Social Media Community of Practice (2013) has introduced

Dracula chapter 1-12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dracula chapter 1-12 - Essay Example During his travels, he gets several hints that he is heading into great danger, but he tries to talk these fears away, even after he meets his host, a very creepy man who has many of the characteristics we today recognize as being vampires. Harker becomes a prisoner of the castle and has many disturbing experiences. His entries end with his desperate plan of escape, knowing he is about to lose his soul to an evil creature or creatures. The story then picks up through a variety of communication forms – letters, journal entries, newspaper articles, etc. These more fully flesh out Mina and introduce the characters Lucy Westenra, John Seward (a physician at the lunatic asylum near Dracula’s new London home), Dutch doctor Van Helsing, the lunatic Rensing and a few other minor characters. Through these pieces of correspondence, the reader learns about the arrival of Dracula to Britain and the mysterious illness that befalls Lucy, eventually leading to her death by the end of Chapter 12, as she is treated by Seward and Van Helsing. Mina escapes Lucy’s fate in these chapters because she is called away to Buda Pest in order to help nurse Harker, who was found suffering from brain fever. She returns to England just in time to hear about Lucy’s death. Reading through these chapters was enlightening. Although I thought I knew the story, I had never realized the strange way that it is delivered, as a series of writings made by the characters themselves. This approach continuously reminded me to view the story from the characters’ perspectives rather than my own. When I was reading about the warnings of the villagers and the description of Dracula, my own experience told me the character is obviously a vampire and Harker is already trapped. Looking at it from the character’s perspective though, I suddenly realized that everything I think I know about vampires

Microeconomices Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Microeconomices - Research Proposal Example reover, the presence of the conventional firm places monopoly theory in the prime scene because of the comparable attributes of a colossal firm to a monopolistic corporate power. The concept of monopoly power was initially applied during the 1930s to the traditional theory of the firm by some well-known economists. This breakthrough in the discipline of the economy provided useful tools for economists examining the performance and behavior of firms and industries. However, as expected in every emerging idea, the concept has met strong oppositions and spiteful criticisms, in this case from scholars trained in the conventional assumption of perfect competition. Monopoly theory does not merely go against several of the principles of perfect competition but roused significant doubts on the good organization of laissez-faire capitalism itself (Cleaver 2004). While the new-fangled theory had attracted numerous disbelievers, it was also strongly protected from criticisms. Since the first monopoly framework was derived from perfect competition, the two theories are much in common in terms of their opinion about â€Å"profit maximization, marginal analysis, and mathematical rigor† (Karier 1994: 27). It was easier said than done for advocates of perfect competition to hit on the assumptions in the monopoly model without disparaging their own. Provided with little prospect of locating lapses in the new theory, critics were disposed to plainly disregard it or relegate monopoly as nothing more than a unusual occurrence in the actual economy (ibid). The introduction of monopoly theory into conventional economics was both a success and a disappointment. It was a success because it made available an alternative to the romanticized model of perfect competition. Yet, it was also a disappointment since the circumstances for the typical monopoly framework were ordinarily just as idealized and confusing as perfect competition. Where perfect competition necessitates an unlimited

Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Diversity - Research Paper Example Lost is an action, adventure, mystery, serial drama, science fiction and mystical drama film, While Greys Anatomy is an American medical drama series. In Lost, a plane, ‘oceanic 815’, flying to Los Angeles crashes on a mystifying island, leaving its survivors marooned in it without the resources to get help from the mainland. Greys Anatomy is all about the lives of the interns, inhabitants and their mentors in the illusory Seattle Grace hospital. It depicts their struggles to achieve their medical internships and have proper personal lives. In the two films, Asian American characters have been cast in quality roles. Lost has featured four Asian American characters; ‘Daniel Dae Kim’, ‘Yunjin Kim’ and ‘Naveen Andrews’ for main characters, and Ken Leung as a minor character. Greys Anatomy features Sandra Oh as the only character of Asian American descent. The Asian American characters in Lost have been given different roles; Daniel Dae Kim plays the husband of Yunjin Kim who is the offspring of an influential Korean entrepreneur and mobster. Naveen Andrews plays the role of a former Iraqi republican guard, while Ken Leung plays the role of a sarcastic supposed ghost whisperer. Greys Anatomy Sandra Oh plays the role of a surgical intern who progresses to a full surgeon. Asian Americans are underrepresented in primetime films, as white film writers do not write for this ethnic group. Asian American characters encompass only of 4% of the prime time television populace (Kendall, 186). Preponderance of the characters portrayed in key television population is cast in drama and science fiction making up 63%. 21% are cast in crime or law enforcement series, and 16% are cast in sitcoms or comedies (Kendall, 186). There are ranges of rationale why Asian Americans are underrepresented in prime time shows. Firstly, tribal issues frequently come up with writers writing for white characters only (Larson, 69). Secondly,

Why Congress (USA) Should End Big Oil Tax Credits and Give That Money Essay

Why Congress (USA) Should End Big Oil Tax Credits and Give That Money to Green Energy Companies - Essay Example Oil and gas exploration and development (E&D) subsidy has been in existence since the early days of the income tax and is available to integrated and independent oil and gas companies. The Obama administration estimated that it could raise nearly $14 billion by repealing tax credit (Zengerle). In a protest, the American Petroleum Institute would launch new print and radio ads to â€Å"educate the consumers† (Snow). All these developments have spurred a nation-wide verbal war. But reality demands some incentives for the green energy industry in terms of reduced competition. The arguments in favor of â€Å"Green Energy† are clearly apprehensible on the medium to long term basis. The world’s primary demand for energy is expected to increase by one third by the year 2035. As the time goes on, the price mechanism of the energy market will be more focused on the development in the emerging economies. This will put the developed economies in an uncomfortable position as demand cut back on their behalf won’t have much effect on the prices of the energy. Today the US consumes nearly half of the total oil produced, but by 2035, nearly 30% of the consumption will shift to Asia backed by heavy use of automobiles. Also there is a â€Å"Peak oil† situation already in process. By 2020, the oil production from the Middle East and North Africa is expected to decline by 6 million barrel per day. Hence, for a long term policy formulation, preference should be given to the green energy sector. Another long-term concern is global warming. By 2035, the CO2 emission is expected to increase by 20%. ... Moreover, these are environment friendly and good for human health. The combined basket for green energy also contains green technology. The development and operation of green energy power systems are still in their growing phase. The focus of innovation is still centered on energy efficiency. A lot of industry practices have been standardized. So replacing the old inefficient power systems is no more a problem (Pembina Institute). The oil & gas industry has its own arguments as well. One of the most talked about argument is that rising taxes will not make the gasoline cheap; rather, it may push the price higher. Another argument is that, with the repeal, investment for deep water gas and oil production will be discouraged and this will result in more severe shortage of fuel in the long term. The oil & gas industry observers argue that there will be a possible loss of 50,000 jobs in the near future (Snow). The other major argument is that the exploration of oil & gas is a very capita l incentive and risky business. So, the repeal of tax credits will definitely hurt the small producers (Zengerle). There is no doubt that the repeal of tax credits will push the spot price higher, at least for the short term and it will hurt the common American people. Again, without the tax incentives, the exploration sector will not find much investment; hence, companies with heavy reliance on exploration business will definitely get hurt. It takes years of investments to make one single well productive. So, reduction in work force is a possible reality. Also there is no doubt that future-supply will decline substantially as present day exploration activities will decline; and oil still satisfies a major share of total energy needs and will remain in the dominating

The video game console wars Essay Example for Free

The video game console wars Essay 1. Compare and contrast Nintendo’s marketing strategy for the Wii with Sony’s strategy for PS3. By the end of 2006, two game console industry giants, Nintendo and Sony had launched their respective new products; the Wii and PS3. Various marketing strategies were implemented by both rivals and this writing attempt to analyse common and differing elements. Similarly, both companies had a product differentiation strategy, with the aim of being distinctly set apart from their competitors by the viewing market. However, different elements of this strategy were focused on by the firms. For instance, Nintendo differentiated via product form and design. Instead of the traditional controller where buttons are pressed, the Wii had a wireless motion-sensitive controller, which recognises the player’s arm movements. Thus, actions such as golfing, tennis and even dancing can be detected by the game. It is assumed that the rationale behind this is the fact that â€Å"new things and ways of doing things† always grab attention, whether good or bad. Thus, Nintendo’s aim would have been to gain the market’s attention and then convince them positively about the Wii. Conversely, Sony attempted to differentiate through performance quality. Heavy investment was made on a new processing chip and a laser diode, which would rev up the speed drastically and offer superior graphics quality. The video gaming industry prides itself on graphics; hence differentiating in this area may significantly increase demand. One believes however, that Nintendo’s product differentiation strategy had a stronger impact than Sony’s. This is because Sony followed the industry norm, of each new generation of machines being faster and more powerful than the preceding generation, as the case states. Thus, the market was already expecting the enhanced features, compared to the curiosity of a completely new game design by the Wii. With reference to the Ansoff Matrix framework, Nintendo implemented a marketing diversification strategy, whereby they offered a new product to new markets (in terms of untouched customer segments). Nintendo’s designers, according to the case, deliberately developed a machine that is simpler to use, since the complexity of current games appeal only to advance gamers. This thus, would allow market reach to a broader demographic of new segments, thereby beginning to challenge Sony’s market share dominance. For instance, males and female above and below the common age bracket of video game players may now demand the Wii. On the other hand, Sony implemented a product development strategy, by launching a new product in their existing market segment of customers, as the Ansoff theory advocates. Hence, Sony’s PS3 targeted their current customer segment for the PS2. A marketing strategy of Sony may have been to have first mover advantage, by launching in November 2006 in the United States before the Wii. Most studies indicate that the market pioneer gains the greatest advantage, however sometimes it can be risky and expensive. In Sony’s case, they would have easily been able to capitalise on the fans of the playstation and PS2 and new customers entering that market. Their downfall however was inadequate launch preparation and planning with regards to their diode technology, as mass production issues caused shortages. Thus, achieving the Christmas season’s full revenue potential was lost. Even though Nintendo was the second mover launching a month after in December, they had an international marketing launch strategy being executed. They made the Wii available in the United States, the Eurozone and United Kingdom. As a result, the benefits of being the first mover would have been gained in the Eurozone and United Kingdom. It is noted that Sony launched the PS3 four months after in Europe. Being the second to enter that market, Sony may have researched any problems Nintendo may have encountered and adjusted accordingly, for a smoother launch. Nintendo appears to have implemented a market-penetration pricing strategy. The Wii at a cost of $250 is 50% less than the 20-gigabyte PS3 (smaller hard drive machine). At this lower price, it is easier for the product to penetrate the market due to affordability in most segments. This aligns with the assumed company’s aim of maximising market share in the current and new segments. To achieve this, Nintendo ensured that the Wii was less costly to manufacture. Moreover, a higher sales volume may lead to lower unit costs and higher long run profits. Conversely, Sony is believed to have a market-skimming pricing strategy. The company invested $2 billion in technology, so this strategy aims at recovering the maximum amount of revenue to cover the high costs incurred in the early stages of the product life cycle. Additionally, Sony has a strong brand due to the success of their previous machines (PS2 and playstation) and the high price assists in communicating the image of a superior product with quality. 2. What is the key to the Wii’s popularity? The key facet responsible for the Wii’s popularity lies in the innovative design, which â€Å"calls to action† the player with physical movement. The writer views the wireless motion sensitive game console as a new, simple and fun method of gaming for all age groups. As a result, it may appeal not only to the traditional expert video game player like the PS3, but other individuals outside that segment. It thus makes marketing sense, if Nintendo promoted the game as a family requirement for cultivating an enjoyable, quality family time with members. It seems also a great game for various informal social events. Furthermore, since different types of games can be played, the Wii has the potential to appeal to a vast number of different market segments. For instance, The Wii Fit is an exercising game, where aerobics, yoga and other body strengthening activities can be done. Thus, the Wii Fit may have been positioned as a convenient way of losing or maintaining your weight, as it can be done in the comfort of one’s home and a more enjoyable method compared to simply following an instructor on a DVD. Likewise, sports fanatics may gravitate towards the Wii sports for the games of their interest. There also is the possibility of the Wii being used for rehabilitation after a stroke or injury, due to it body strengthen capabilities. It must be noted, that Nintendo’s international marketing strategy of launching in three distinct major areas, was a contributing factor towards the quick popularity gained. The areas were the United States, the Eurozone and the United Kingdom. This means that great strategic marketing focus had to be made on the different areas, to accommodate international cultural differences and legalities. As a result, Nintendo may have had to implement global product strategies for market adaptation in areas such as price, sales promotion, colours, labelling and advertising execution, to name a few. 3. Do you agree with Sony’s decision to incorporate a Blu-ray DVD player in the PS3. The writer agrees with the decision to incorporate a Blu-ray DVD player in the PS3. Firstly, Sony is considered one of the market leaders in the consumer electric industry; where the brand is known for high quality and advance technology. Since the consumer market started demanding more high definition TVs and viewing of DVD’s in high definition, it made good marketing sense to satisfy that need for high definition imagery in the video games, which ultimately reinforced the company’s brand. A â€Å"spin off† from this implementation of Blu-ray, is that the PS3 can actually be used by consumers to watch Blu-ray DVD movies, for those who may not own a Blu-ray DVD player. Thus, the value of the PS3 may increase, due to more product uses than the main function. Secondly, it was wise for Sony to include the Blu-ray DVD player in the PS3, due to their current product range developments. Sony had already launched the Blu-ray video format in their DVD players, thus the inclusion in the PS3 was a commendable and necessary marketing move, in order to keep as many products in the range up to date with the latest technological advancements. More importantly, this was a medium to push and promote the adoption of the Blu-ray in the market, reflecting strong strategic planning for profit maximisation. The draw back to the implementation however, was the issue of mass-production difficulties of the diode for the Blu-ray, resulting in shortages for the U. S holiday launch, as the case explains. Thus, it is assumed that there was a deficiency in proper operational planning and execution. This can be a critical concern with new product planning, since shortages can greatly impact forecasted revenue streams and significant opportunities may be lost. In Sony’s situation, the launch was around the Christmas season, where many PS3s may have been gift considerations and individuals generally spend more on commodities at this time, due to Christmas bonuses and advances. Thus, Sony would not have been able to capitalise on this, due to low supply of machines. In the final analysis however, if Sony had anticipated any production issues to cause marginal temporary shortages at the launch, one is of the opinion that this is not drastic a problem enough, to decide forgoing the implementation of the Blu-ray. This is because consideration is given to the return on investment with the Blu-ray inclusion and the technological drive in the industry at large. The Blu-ray would have generated greater demand than the HD-DVD and take longer to become obsolete, thus having an extended life-span. 4. Some industry observers have noted that the battle between HD-DVD and Blu-ray is reminiscent of the showdown between Beta and VHS videocassette formats in the 1970s. What was the outcome? The videocassette showdown between Beta and VHS in the 1970’s mainly was a clear example of â€Å"listening and responding† to what the market wants. It began when Sony produced Bata, a video standard which had a recording time of 60 minutes. Almost one year later, JVC launched the VHS, which is another video standard that had a recording time of 120 minutes. The two videocassettes were different in size and completely incompatible. The VHS was cheaper than Beta; however the longer the recording time resulted in a degraded quality of image. The market nevertheless, wanted a longer recording time, which allowed for longer movies and football matched to be recorded. Sony held their end for more years supplying the more upscale market with the 60 minute high quality videocassettes, but eventually in the mid 80’s they had to offer videocassettes with a longer recording time to remain competitive. By then however it was too late and VHS already held dominance in the market. VHS won the battle and in 2002 the last Beta machine was produced. Sony’s mistake was not listening to what the market wants and not willing to compromise the quality to satisfy the market. The battle between HD-DVD and Blu-ray is quite similar, however this time Sony is not the defender, but the challenger. To forecast who the winner may be, the same underlying factor exists, regarding listening to the market and responding. The case explains of the continuous electronic industry’s upgrade towards high definition TVs and DVD movies. Thus, one can assume that consumers want a player which provides the greatest quality of high definition. A common element between HD-DVD and Blu-ray is that they have 1080 lines of resolution (the highest quality video playback possible) on their widescreen HDTV set, as the case shows. Thus, consumers are going to look for other factors which can determine which player provides better quality. Firstly, the fact that Sony’s Blu-ray technology is incompatible with Toshiba (assuming other rival products as well) and can only be used on Sony products, signals that Sony is trying to maintain a type of niche market, which in essence aims at guaranteeing that using Blu-ray technology on Sony products will produce the best quality. This is similar to what Apple does with their range of products. Secondly, over the years Sony has positioned and built their brand to represent â€Å"high quality† and thus brand loyalty is strong among customers in the electronic industry. Lastly, price sends market signals and the common understanding is that high price tends to reflect high quality. The case states that Sony BDP-S1 and S300 cost $999. 99 and $600 respectively, compared to Toshiba’s models ranging from $399. 99 to $799. 99. Thus the higher price of Sony can be assumed to have better quality. Conclusively, HD-DVD and Blu-ray battle is almost mirrored in Beta and VHS rivalry. VHS won the battle since they satisfied the market’s demand for longer recording time with the videocassette. With HD-DVD and Blu-ray, the market is assumed to want high quality on their high definition widescreen HDTVs. The writer believes that Sony with their Blu-ray technology would win the battle, given that they can reflect a better level of quality over Toshiba, through â€Å"non-1080 lines of resolution† factors. CITATION Czinkota, Michael, and Ilkka Ronkainen. International Marketing . Thomson South-Western, 2007. Harvey, Nathan, and Louise Ada. 2012. Suitability of Nintendo Wii Balance Board for rehabilitation of standing after stroke. Physical Therapy Reviews 17, no. 5: 311-321 Kotler, Philip, and Kevin Keller. Marketing Management. Pearson Education Limited, 2012.

Oppositional Defiance Disorder Children And Young People Essay

Oppositional Defiance Disorder Children And Young People Essay Oppositional Defiant Disorder is classified in the DSM-IV-TR as a disruptive behavior disorder. An Oppositional Defiant Disorder child displays an ongoing pattern of uncooperative, defiant, aggressive, and disobedient behavior toward authority figures. Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder are usually in constant trouble at school, have difficulty making or keeping friends, do not follow adults requests, blames others for their mistakes, are easily annoyed, and loses their temper at the drop of a hat. In the United States Oppositional Defiant Disorder is thought to affect about six percent of all children; with the majority of them coming from families in the lower class. One study stated that about eight percent of children from low-income families were diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. The disorder is often observed by the time a child is six years old but no later than a childs preteen years. With this disorder boys also tend to be diagnosed more often than girls in the preteen years. However, it is equally common in males and females by adolescence. Recently, it has been discovered that girls may show the symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder differently than boys. Girls with this disorder may show their ferociousness through words rather than actions and in other indirect ways. For example, girls with Oppositional Defiant Disorder are quicker to lie and to be uncooperative; while boys are more likely to lose their temper and argue with adults. It has also been estimated that about one-third of the children who have this disorder also have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Children who have Oppositional Defiant Disorder are often diagnosed with anxiety or depression as well. Diagnosis Part of childhood is arguing with your parents or defying authority from time to time, especially when the child is tired, hungry, or upset. Some of the behaviors associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder can also occur because the child is undergoing a transition, is under stress, or is in the midst of a crisis. This makes the behavioral symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder sometimes difficult for parents to distinguish from the stress-related behaviors. In order for a child to be diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder they have to be extremely negative, hostile, and defiant in a constant pattern for at least 6 months. This behavior also needs to be excessive compared to what is typical for a child at that age and disruptive to the family, school environments and usually directed toward an authority figure. An example of an authority figure would be parents, teachers, principal, or coach. The child also has to exhibit during these six months four or more of the follow ing behavioral symptoms that are associated with Oppositional Defiant Disorder; frequent temper tantrums, excessive arguing with adults, aggressively refusing to comply with requests and rules, often questioning the rules, deliberately annoying and upsetting others, often touchy or annoyed by others, blaming others for their mistakes, frequent outbursts of anger and resentment, or often spiteful or vindictive. Also, the disruption must cause significant amount of damage to the childs academic, occupational or social functioning and cannot occur only during a Psychotic or Mood Disorder episode. Lastly, the child cannot be diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder if they meet criteria for Conduct Disorder, if the individual is eighteen years of age or older or meet criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder. Case Study My best friend has a son with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. His name is Radon. Radon is ten years old and attends the fifth grade. Radons day usually starts out with arguing about what he can and cannot bring to school. His mother and his teacher have now made out a written list of what these things are. Radon was bringing a computer to school and telling his teacher that his mother said it was alright. At first his teacher wondered about this, but Radon seemed so believable. Then Radon brought a little knife. That led to a real understanding between the teacher and Radons mother. Radon does not go to school on the bus. He gets teased and then retaliates immediately. Since it is impossible to supervise bus rides adequately, his parents and the school gave up and they drive him to school. It is still hard to get him there on time. As the time to leave approaches, he gets slower and slower. Now it is not quite as bad because for every minute he is late he loses a dime from his daily allowance. Once at school, he usually gets into a little pushing with the other kids in those few minutes between his mothers eyes and the teachers. The class work does not go that badly unless he has an episode as his mother put it. Then he will flip desks, swear at the teacher, tear up his work and refuse to do anything for the rest of the day. The reasons for his outbursts seem so trivial, but to him they are the end of the world. He is not allowed to go to the bathroom by himself and at times this bothers him so he flips his desk. He was told to stop tapping his pencil, so he swo re at the teacher. These types of things happen throughout the day according to his mother. Recess is still the hardest time for Radon. He tells everyone that he has lots of friends, but his mother says that if you watch what goes on in the lunch room or on the playground; it is hard to figure out who they are. Some kids avoid him, but most would give him a chance if he wasnt so bossy. The playground supervisor tries to get him involved in a soccer game every day. He isnt bad at it, but he will not pass the ball, so no one really wants him on his team. After school is the time that make his mom seriously consider foster care. The home work battle is horrible. He refuses to do work for an hour, then complains, break pencils, and irritate her. This drags thirty minutes of work out to two hours. So, now she hires a tutor. He doesnt try all of this on the tutor, at least so far. With no home work, he is easier to take. But he still wants to do something with her every minute. Each day he asks her to help him with a model or play a game at about 4:30. Each day she tells him she cannot right now as she is making supper. Each day he screams out that she doesnt ever do anything with him, slams the door, and goes in the other room and usually turns the TV on very loud. She comes up, tells him to turn it down three times. He doesnt and is sent to his room. After supper Radons dad takes over and they play some games together and usually it goes fine for about an hour. Then it usually ended in screaming. He is then sent to bed and the day star ts all over. Since I talked to Radons mother about him he has had a very difficult time at school. He is now being home tutored by the after school tutor that he had before. The school has found him to be a threat to the staff and other children. The incidents that lead to this were that he destroyed the principals office, threated to kill two staff members, and three children. The mom does not want him put into a school for children with behavioral disorders as she feels it will just make him worse. Radon is now seeing three different people to help with his disorder. One is a social worker, one is a psychiatrist and the other is an anger management specialist. The school continues to work with her and if all goes well he will be transitioned back into the school next year. She still has problems with him at home. Causes There are many different theories that try to explain Oppositional Defiant Disorder. There is the psychodynamic theory that interprets the aggressive and defiant behavior as an indication of a deeply-seated feeling of lack of love from the parents, the inability to trust and an absence of understanding. The behavioral theory suggests that Oppositional Defiant Disorder is caused by a dysfunctional family life, lack of parenting and the repeated giving into demands that are reinforced when bad behavior occurs. The biological theory suggests that these behavioral problems in children could be caused by impairments to certain areas of the brain. There is also a link between the amount of certain chemicals in the brain and Oppositional Defiant Disorder. The biological theory suggests that if these chemicals are out of balance, the brain is then not working properly. Then the messages sent may not make it through the brain correctly, leading to symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder. La stly, cognitive theories state that the child feels hostility in their lives and in turn respond to other with their own hostility. Treatments The first step is to assess the danger the children pose to themselves or others and evaluate the impact that the environment may be having on their continued development. It is important to also evaluate the ability of the child parents to adequately care for them. In some cases, crisis care or residential treatment may need to consider. Treatment for children and adolescents should include multiple avenues. Individual therapy, parent intervention, school intervention, and community based interventions should all be considered. While there are several treatments available to help they have not developed a medication to treat this disorder. There are medications researchers say will help with the symptoms but no properly executed study has been completed. A treatment that is available however, would be Psychotherapy. This is a type of counseling that is aimed at helping the children develop more effective coping and problem-solving skills. There is also family therapy, which may be u sed to help improve family interactions and communication among family members, as well as parent management training. This teaches parents ways to positively alter their childs behavior. Lastly, there are behavior management plans. These are an agreement between parents and children that give rewards for positive behaviors and consequences for negative behaviors. The treatments for Oppositional Defiant Disorder are usually a long-term commitment. It may take a year or more of treatment to see noticeable improvement. It is important for families to continue with treatment even if they see no immediate improvement. If Oppositional Defiant Disorder is not treated or if treatment is abandoned, the child is more likely to develop conduct disorder. The risk of developing conduct disorder is lower in children who are only mildly defiant. It is higher in children who are more defiant and in children who also have Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In adults, conduct disorder is called antisocial personality disorder. Children who have untreated Oppositional Defiant Disorder are also at risk for developing passive-aggressive behaviors as adults. Persons with passive-aggressive characteristics tend to see themselves as victims and blame others for their problems.

Reducing Bullying in the Nursing Environment

Reducing Bullying in the Nursing Environment Introduction Bullying is any repeated and systemic behaviour that expects to victimise, humiliate, undermine or threaten towards others, which can impact on physical and psychological well-being. Bullying has been considered as unaccepted workplace behaviour that affects occupational health and safety, and should not be tolerate in any form (Ref). This paper will provide an analytical discussion of the relevant literature of bulling in nursing environment. Rationale regards to the need of changing management plan will be outlined. The plan will utilise Lewins three steps of change theory as a guide to modify the specific phase of change. In addition, it will address the strategies for evaluating the plan outcomes. Finally, this paper will conclude insightfully highlighting main concerns about decreasing bullying behaviour in nursing environment. Literature review Workplace bullying exists in every professional. Particularly, bullying in healthcare environment has been internationally recognised and researched. 70% of US registered nurses who participant in a survey reported being bullied at work. 87% of Turkish nurses stated being bullied in another nursing survey (Ref-Barbara S. Broome). In addition, UK health care reported that recent evidence showed 85% of nurses have been involved in bullying or witnessed a bullying (Ref-Malcolm A. Lewis) and (Ref-Sharon J. Stagg) found 40% of participants never reported bullying in their study. (Ref-A typology of bullying behaviours) state that due to lack of descriptive standard to identify bullying behaviours, which leads to less of effective interventions for reducing bullying behaviours. In addition, the absence of identification of bullying behaviours, bullying acts may be commonly interpreted as office policies or personality differences. The consequences of bullying acts are seriously impact on many aspects, which include nurses, organizations and patients. According to (Ref-Michelle Cleary), the current working environment in health care setting is oriented to maintain safe practices at the meantime also to achieve effectiveness outcomes in day-to-day patients care management. Therefore, under this pressure, it is more likely to create a blaming environment. Nurses who work in a climate of bullying may lead to job dissatisfaction, which, in a way that nurses may resist come to work or call sick leave to avoid facing bullies, and present low productivity in the wards. The bulling acts may impact on both physical and psychological wellbeing, which the frequent outcomes for bullying are headaches, stress, irritability, anxiety, sleep disturbance, excessive worry, impaired social skills, depression, fatigue, loss of concentration, helplessness, psychosomatic complaints, and post-traumatic stress disorder (Ref-Michelle C leary). In addition, the bullied employees from (Ref-LARS JOHAN HAUGE)s study express that they feel more role ambiguity and conflicts in the working environment, therefore, they have less social contact and communicate with colleagues that leads to poor job control and poor management. (Ref-Terri Townsend) states that up to 70% of bullied nurses leave the job, 60% of new RNs quit their first job in 6 months and a third of new graduate nurses think they choose the wrong career. (Ref-Terri Townsend) also introduce a term survivor syndrome, which means bullied nurses would either to quit the job to find another healthier work environment or adapt to the bullying behaviours as part of the culture and become a bully or bystander. When the nurses leave this professional as a result of bullying, the organization has to spend more money for recruitment and re-orientation for new nurses to replace the position. Furthermore, resulting from frequent nursing staff turnover the customer satisf action will decrease and patients may not get continuous care which may impact on patients safety issues (Ref-Michelle Cleary). (Ref- John S. Murray) expresses that the most common reason of nurses may bully others is the need of being in control of everything in the work environment. (Ref- Barbara S. Broome) also states these bullies are narcissistic. Their personality characterized as controlling and manipulative, which means that they like to dominate in interpersonal relationships. These people are self-centred that indicates low empathy, and they normally do not feel guilt over the time by bullying others. Another point of view from (Ref- Workplace bullying in nursing), they believe the educational system foster a belief that the dominate group (normally are senior staffs) is superior and the oppressed group (normally are new staffs) is inferior, therefore, the inferior has to obtain the demand from the superior. (Ref- John S. Murray) also points out that the organization may connive the bullying behaviours in some cases, due to the bullies are senior managers or staffs. The bullies are protected instead of the victims, which has prompted the bullying behaviours existing in the healthcare environment. Many studies have suggested that the organization has to establish zero tolerance policy and legislation to reduce bullying behaviours in healthcare settings (Ref-John S. Murray, Barbara S. Broome, Workplace bullying in nursing). (Ref- Barbara S. Broome) suggest that education will help nurses to recognize the bullies and bullying behaviours and provide strategies to eliminate bullying, meanwhile, they state that education on bullying should not only be provided in work environment but also be implemented in universities and continuing education program that empower new graduates to identify bullying behaviours. In addition, Hutchinson (2009) states the current approaches to bullying are remedial, corrective, regulatory and restorative. Remedial and corrective strategies are focus on individual aspect, to provide counselling to the victim, to mediate between perpetrator and target, and to educate and modify the perpetrators behaviours. Regulatory and restorative strategies are focus on organizational aspect, to provide prohibitive statements about bullying and to make the perpetrator to make amends (Hutchinson 2009). These strategies are more focus on punishing and blaming the perpetrator which has shown ineffectiveness on reduction of bullying. Hutchinson (2009) proposes another strategy named shared responsibility: a restorative approach to bullying, which will not focus on criticising the perpetrator but make the bullying behaviours at the centre. Ref recommend that two parties and their supporters need to come together to discuss the bullying situation, share the concern, share the solution of what can do to repair the harm and what can be done to prevent bullying behaviours in the future. It is important to learn forgiveness and create a non-blaming and non-judgemental working environment (Hutchinson 2009). Rationale for plan The reason to prompt the change management plan is several complaints from anonymous staffs that they feel being bullied by verbal humiliated, given more workload or hidden information from other staffs, which they have expressed their experience like: My preceptor rolled her eyes and looked at me like I was stupid every time I asked her a question. I finally stopped asking. Doesnt she realize Ive only been a nurse for 3 weeks? (Ref- Terri Townsend) Our new manager didn’t like me from the start. Within a month, she was assigning me more and more extra tasks until I couldn’t get them all done. When I tried to talk to her about my workload, she said I should be able to handle it because I was the one with the master’s degree. Later she fired me, stating I didn’t meet our department’s expectations, even though I had several complimentary letters from patients and other managers. (Ref- Terri Townsend) In addition, in those complaints, some have mentioned that they dont feel comfortable to work with certain people, thus, they called sick leave, which has alerted the management that the level of care has been decreased due to patients dissatisfaction and shortage of nursing staffs in the ward that cannot provide effective nursing care. The nursing co-ordinator from the ward has stated that she has to call more agency nurses to replace the regular staffs, whereas, this ward has almost reached the agency budget. If nurse has resigned from the facility as a result of bullying, this may cause financial burden to the organization. The organization has to pay for recruitment, training sections and orientation for new nurses, which leads approximately $15,000 directly extra cost per nurse (Ref- Reiter). Therefore, the rationale for the change management plan would be decrease the incident of bullying, increase bedside nurses retention and increase job satisfaction, which may indirect to improve customer satisfaction as a result of increased level nursing care, decrease financial burden to the facility and build up a better reputation for this facility in the industry. Change Management Plan The change management plan will be guided by Lewins change management model, which includes three phrases: unfreeze, change and refreeze. Unfreeze Identification of what has to be changed needs to be determining in this phrase (Ref- Mind Tools). As the anonymous complaints have come to my attention, these complaints will be considered as feedbacks regarding bullying behaviours in this organization. An initial survey will be conducted throughout the facility to address staffs awareness of bullying and if they willing to make a change in the work environment. A second anonymous survey will also be conducted to gather personal experiences and attitudes from bedside nurses about work related bullying and how they deal with the bullying behaviours. The surveys allow the management to understand the current perception and interaction of bullying within this organization and also motivate staff to be involved in this changing process. Another key to change is to make the organization to implement the plan, which means we have to motivate the organization to accept the idea of change is necessary for the facility and support the change (Ref- Mind Tools). The feedback from the staffs has indicated that the bullying behaviours have affected the nurses performance in daily nursing care. Bullying has decreased the nursing staffs productivity, which leads the quality of care has decreased. Customer satisfaction has decreased as a result form patients cannot receive adequate level of care, in a way that the organizations reputation would damaged. In addition, the nursing coordinator and the human resource manager expressed that high turnover rate in nursing staff, which has directly made the organization cost extra money for each replacement of nursing position. Therefore, in order to maintain reputation, quality of care and reduce financial burden, the organization has to make a change management plan. Change The transition from unfreeze to change will not happen quickly as staffs and the organization has to take time to adapt and accept the new ways of working. In this phrase, people may have questions about the process, such as what is coming and who will be benefit. Clear explanations and honest approach will help dispel rumours (Ref- Mind Tools). As the nursing coordinator and I will explain the coming events , which will include developing zero tolerance policy and legislation, providing education sessions to address workplace bullying and establishing pathway to report bullying behaviours. Staffs may be afraid of being punished because of bullying. Therefore, shared responsibility: a restorative approach to bullying from Hutchinson (2009) would be a useful theory to learn. It is also important to inform employees that the plan aims at the behaviours, not to criticise or punish people. The outcome of the change management plan would be create a non blaming nursing culture in this fac ility, which the nursing staffs will have a nice working environment and prompt them to stay in the profession. The organization will be benefit from the retention of nursing staffs, which reduces costs as a result from nursing turnover. Empowering the involvement is also important for the changing process. In-services sessions will be held to provide an opportunity for employers and employees to have a face-to-face discussion of identification of bullying and how to deal with bullying, which allow both parties being participate in the process, promote understanding between each party and promote the transition to adapt to the workplace culture smoothly (Ref- Mind Tools). In addition, to establish a pathway of reporting bullying will help the management immediately react to any bulling behaviour that can develop new experiences and attitudes toward dealing with bullying. Refreeze In this phrase, the change has adapted to the nursing culture in this facility and we need to develop ways to maintain the effectiveness of change within the facility. For instant, encouraging the nurses unite managers to take the leadership and support their nursing staffs in each ward, frequently collecting feedback from staffs regarding on bullying experiences and running workshops or simulations to keep staffs knowledge about bullying is up to date. Strategies The aim of auditing is to promote and share best practices in order to provide effective care in daily basis. Developing an auditing is not to criticise poor practices, but by analysing the poor practices will help nurses know and realize what goes wrong and what cloud do better in patients care, in a sense that this will prevent the same incident happen again (Ref- Cummins). Therefore, using auditing is the way to assess the outcomes of the change plan. The short term outcomes of audit may show high rate of bullying, the reason would be the nursing staffs are more able to identify the bullying acts in the work environment. However, we would expect that the incident rate would not go up in the long term period. Feedback from nursing staffs will hopefully provide positive responses regarding to bullying, which can motivate the organization to utilize further education on bullying to improve nursing environment. Survey can also be conducted to collect the objective data, which indicate that how nursers feel the change management plan affects their daily performances. Conclusion Bullying is a widespread issue in workplace, in order to make a change management plan that it has to base on evidence support. When innovate a new management, creating the motivation is the first step has to be contemplated, which means the organization accepts the change and the staffs are willing to involve into the new plan. Open and honest approach needs to use to deliver the change as the effective communication can dispel any question or rumour from staffs. Initial supports from the stockholder will empower people to be involved. The consolidation of the change in the current culture involves ongoing support, monitoring and education programs, which increasing the chance of the change becomes norm. References Reiter, M., Young, A., Adamson, C. (2008). Decrease new graduate nurse orientation costs by using HESI exit exam scores. Journal of Nursing Administration, 37(10), 459-463. http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newPPM_94.htm Cummins, F. (2006). Using auditing to enhance and improve practice. Nursing Residential Care, 8(1), 37-39.

Freaks of the Core :: Essays Papers

Freaks of the Core Wherein lies the odd attraction and power of the freakish? Just as often as it introduces us to expressions of common human experience, study in the Humanities also introduces us to the decidedly uncommon--to writers, artists and thinkers who push conventional limits of language and narrative, vision and imagination, memory and history, or logic and rationality. For our Freaks of the Core colloquium, we explored the outer limits of human expression and experience. What, we asked, defines the abnormal or the outlandish? the fanatical or heretical? the illusory or the grotesque? Why are we commonly drawn to the very uncommon? "Nothing, indeed, is more revolting," wrote Thomas De Quincey in his famously freaky Confessions of an English Opium-Eater, "than the spectacle of a human being obtruding on our notice his moral ulcers or scars, and tearing away that 'decent drapery' which time, or indulgence to human frailty, may have drawn over them" (1).[1] But De Quincey chose to tear away tha t drapery in his Confessions nevertheless, believing that his outlandish experiences with addiction, poverty and illusion would teach his readers valuable lessons that outweighed any offense. "In that hope it is that I have drawn this up," wrote De Quincey, "and that must be my apology for breaking through that delicate and honorable reserve, which, for the most part, restrains us from the public exposure of our own infirmities" (1). The essays below also tear away the "decent drapery" which covers the sometimes unsightly extremes of human experience, and they do so with similar hopes and reasons. Kimberly Tsau, for example, follows De Quincey's lead in her analysis of T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land, suggesting that among the violence, apathy, and disjointedness of the poem is a call to face and learn from suffering. Her essay, "Hanging in a Jar," examines how Eliot collects a variety of "cultural memories," cutting and pasting them together to form a collection that is both terrifying and edifying. In "Per Repitio Nos Studiare: The Struggles of Abraham and God," Ryan Priester also explores how one learns through repeated suffering. Instead of examining human apathy or submission in the face of pain, however, his examination of the binding of Isaac introduces us to the role of human rebellion and resistance. Both The Waste Land and the relationship between Abraham and God revolve around the human response to excess and extremity.

The Poverty of the Lakota People of South Dakota :: Poverty Essays

For the Lakota people of South Dakota, modern day capitalism is a frustrating network of impersonal commerce, resource and profit. Since colonialism, the global arena has replaced the values and needs of the Lakota with presupposed economic definitions of need, and has â€Å"forced deterioration of the traditional political system† existing in Lakota society (115). In the absence of traditional political organization and subsidence economy, the Lakota are impoverished and have little choice but to adhere to the economic prospects offered to them by the federal government. In doing so, Lakota people struggle with â€Å"economic opportunities† that damage community identity and marginalize their status in society. Economics greatly influences their own ability to shape their modern Lakota culture. As â€Å"economic opportunities† align to the mandates of the world economy and are determined by the culture and experience of the United States government, both Pine Ridge and Rosebud maintain distressing levels of poverty and unemployment. In direct response to demands of the world economy, Lakota industry exhibits a growing dependence on cash instead of land, and breaks down community identity (65). Wal-Mart and Safeway chains encumber the production of Lakota owned small business, and similar multinational business chains create limited market success. When a small business actually succeeds in surviving, competition immediately pops up and â€Å"neither [competing business] can make a living† on reservations (37). Attitudes towards successful Lakota entrepreneurs are often sour and unforgiving, as everyone else struggles to survive. However, Lakota people must engage in the economic venues opened to them by the federal government as a federally dependent nation. Factory and wage work make up the bulk of Lakota employment, as well as handicrafts catering to tourist tastes. Naturally, making â€Å"arrows, arrows every day† is â€Å"really boring† (21) for many Lakota, but risks of developing asthma, blisters, broken bones and severe burns in wage work is high. Over the years, the business propositions open to South Dakota Indians have included a â€Å"fishhook factory, moccasin factory, arrow factory and electronic circuit factory in Pine Ridge,† and the destructive nature of factory work threatened the physical health and well being of every individual fortunate to gain employment (18). As the majority of Lakota men and women are forced to seek work outside of the reservation, many parents abandon their families in cramped, over crowded housing units. As dependence on cash instead of land inc reases, and average job spans for Lakota men consist of 3.

Family and Masculinity in Jane Eyre :: Families Literature Papers

Family and Masculinity in Jane Eyre Jane does not experience a typical family life throughout the novel. Her various living arrangements led her through different households, yet none were a representation of the norm of family life in the nineteenth century. Through research of families in the nineteenth century, it is clear that Jane’s life does not follow with the stereotypical family made up of a patriarchal father and nurturing mother, both whose primary focus was in raising their children. Jane’s life was void of this true family experience so common during the nineteenth century. Yet, Jane is surrounded by men, who in giving an accurate portrayal of fathers and masculinity in the nineteenth century, fulfill on one hand the father role that had never been present in her life, and on the other hand the husband portrait that Jane seeks out throughout the novel. The reader first learns of Jane when she is an inhabitant of Gateshead. At Gateshead, Jane was excluded from the rest of the family. She was merely an outsider looking in on a nuclear family, excluding the father, who had died. We know that Jane’s Uncle Reed, the father and dominant figure of Gateshead, when alive, was a kind man. He was the guardian for Jane and when dying made his wife promise to always care for Jane. After his death, his wife resented the little girl and did not want to care for her. Knowing what we know of family life in the nineteenth century, we know that Jane’s life would have been much different if her uncle Reed had not died. Being the master of the home one can assume that he would have made sure that everyone in the household would have treated Jane well and with love and respect. A father’s authority was unquestioned. Once Mr. Reed had died, the masculine dominance was somewhat given to his son who did not care for Jane and made her l ife miserable by all of his cruelty and abuse. Although he did not rule the home, due to his young age, his authority as seen by Jane was unquestioned. Jane next lived at Lowood. This institution was anything but a true family unit. However, Jane sought out people to care for and who would care for her in return. Helen Burns and Miss Temple became very close to Jane. In ways like the mother of the typical family served as a moral guide and a nurturer, so too did Helen Burns, and to a certain extent Miss Temple.

African Corruption Essay

This study intends to clearly show the extent to which Africa and Africans have been suffering from the ravages of corruption, fraud, and intentional mismanagement by their governments and their leaders, much to the disappointment and anger of the people. The impact of corruption on the lives of the people, the businesses, and the economy of any of the nations concerned has been studied by a number of authors, scholars, and worldwide institutions such as the World Bank, the IMF, and even donors (highly industrialized nations). Although Africa has a large share of the worlds raw material and mineral resources, African nations are by far the least developed and the poorest countries in the world. Robert Harris, in his book, Political Corruption In and Beyond the Nation State, (1990, p. 29,) introduced three themes. First, political corruption is an illegitimate extension of normal political activity. In trying to understand the central issue of corruption, one needs to understand the complex and intricate nature of corruption. If we ask, what is â€Å"corruption†? The American Heritage English Language Dictionary (Pickett, 2000) defines corruption as â€Å"the art or process of corruption, the state of being corrupt, decay, and rot.† As indicated above, corruption comes in many forms. In the least developed countries (LDC’s) such as Africa, all types of corruption are prevalent. The following brief case histories of these three companies will present the magnitude of the scandals, corruption, and deceit these companies perpetrated on the unsuspecting public and their business partners. Other countries of the world have similar problems of corruption, fraud, and mismanagement. From time to time, stories appear about the corruption trial of a government official, a banker, or corporate head in other parts of the world. Doing Business in Africa and Other Non-Industrialized Nations, the basic tenets of the guiding principles are that corruption, dishonesty, and unethical behavior among public officials represent serious threats to the basic principles and values of government, undermining public confidence in democracy and threatening to erode the rule of law. The aim of these guiding principles is to promote public trust in the integrity of officials within the public sector by preventing, detecting, and prosecuting or sanctioning official corruption and unlawful dishonest or unethical behavior. Monsanto Co.: Settled an SEC complaint in January alleging that the company funneled more than $700,000 in corrupt payments to Indonesian government officials between 1997 and 2002. ExonMobil, Chevron Texaco, Marathon Oil, Devon Energy, and Amerada Hess, as well as several other oil companies: These reportedly are involved in SEC investigations into bribes allegedly paid to government officials in Equatorial Guinea. Public perception of police corruption stems mainly from instances where the public has come face to face with the vice as they interact with police in their discharge of duty. My personal experience also left me with no doubt that police corruption in South Africa was daunting task for the new democratic government of South Africa. While police brutality in Kenya is much less compared to that of the apartheid South Africa, the police corruption in Kenya is much more widespread and open. Corruption in the police force takes various forms and in various degrees of sophistication. Corruption in Kenya and more particularly among the police has reached unprecedented levels. Thieves have been set free from police cells because of corruption. The ministry of public works: This is the second most corrupt institution in Kenya. Finding found that this is the Ministry that has the highest rent corruption in Kenya. A large population of the Kenyan people expressed disgust at the corruption in this ministry. The corruption at the ministry of public works is more sophisticated than meets the eye. It is also in charge of construction of government residential houses and offices. The ministry houses the largest number of government employed Engineers, professionals, and Architects. It is actually a key ministry in any government.   Millions of shillings are spent in purchasing goods and services for the government. There was no good will from the establishment to deal with cases of corruption. Where genuine outside companies have been awarded contracts, big bribes were paid to the committee before the award. In one case a contractor has given a job to put up some government circles. The author discovered that this was done just to get free money as penalties from the government. The poor jobs that we have seen on our roads are a result of corruption. This makes the land law in Kenya, one of the most complicated land systems in the world. The Crown Lands Ordinance (Cap. 280) passed in 1915 defined crown land as â€Å"All public land including all land occupied by the native tribes of the protectorate and all land reserved for the use of the members of any native tribe.† All the land rights of the natives were ignored. After all and without exception, African customs recognized land rights. African communities saw land as a gift of God to every individual. That has been the root cause of land problems in this country. Nowhere in Africa is land such expensive commodity as it is in Kenya. A Kenyan who has no land will always work hard to buy himself land. Land and Corruption in Africa The Ministry of Lands is one of the most corrupt institutions in this country. Land Cartels Land allocations, is the biggest single activity that goes on at the Lands office, Nairobi. Here, the people of Kenya will spend as much time and spend as much money, to ensure that they have been allocated land. Income tax department: African Revenue Authority is the main government agency for collecting all government revenue. No government can run on its own without taxes. Money collected from taxes is what the government uses to provide public services like Education, Health, Infrastructure, security and policing, a forestation, public service employment, defence and many others. (Transparency International Report, 2006) You cannot tax people so highly and yet fail to provide services. Over Kenya Shillings 250 billion taxes, (Transparency International Report, 2006), are collected annually by the Kenya Revenue Authority. The African revenue authority has some of the best professionals in the public service. Corruption at the African Revenue Authority is a matter of great concern. There is corruption in the organization both corporate and individual taxpayers. With the present economic situation most business people are stressed out and depressed. Research revealed that there is massive corruption in the import and export sector. Tax evasion is very high in this sector and the government loses millions of shillings through fraud and tax evasion. It was found that tax officers collude with importers and exporters to avoid tax and deny the government the badly needed revenue. This area has provided a good breeding ground for corruption in the income tax department. Officers in the Revenue Authority come across these businesses every day. The government is losing a lot of revenue by leaving these sectors out.

Oil Spill Paper

Humans cause anoint colour pollution. We puzzle the boats and ships in the water, we build oil rigs and use into the bottom of the naval, and we dump the wrong chemicals into the ocean. Boats and ships receive oil leaks just like our cars do. When were in the ocean, we arset simply clean it up with some limestone. If an oil pipe breaks, we keistert blocking push a merelyton and it kale flowing. The oil is coming from underneath the ocean so it takes us longer to shut off it from flowing into the ocean. Some people put one overt know, or dont understand, that dumping the wrong chemicals can break a room our ocean and eventually, our land.Oil pollution hurts the marine environment. It is a poison to the wildlife. The oil can jumble the animal, it can get in their digestive dodge and kill them, or it can even mess with their reproductive system and behavior. If oil were to get on the system or wings of a bird, it could sterilise them drown because the oil is too stra ining for them to fly. There be a few different ways to clean up an oil spill. Controlled abbreviates can burn off the oil, but its not always a good excerption because the smoke harms our air. Booms and skimmer take oil off of the surface, but not down the stairs the surface.Water-oil separating devices help separate the oil from the water, but it can be pricey. Hay soaks up the oil, and leaves clean water behind. Natural recuperation is the best way to clean up an oil spill. It may take a little bit longer to be fully cleaned, but it is the best way. ripple action, sunlight, innate water dispersion, and natural occurring microorganisms are the main ways oil spills can be cleaned up by natural means. Oil eating mushrooms is another way to decontaminated areas. This is known as mycoremediation, which is a precondition invented by Paul Stamets.Mushrooms secrete enzymes and acids that aid in the decomposition of difficult organism containments. Dr. Stamets treated soil with o yster mushrooms and then(prenominal) conducted an experiment that broke down well-nigh all of the nontoxic components after quad weeks. I think it would involve sandlike shores more because the oil and contaminants can go on into the sand and soil. It can also affect the rocky shores, but not as much.http//www. waterencycolpedia. com/Oc-Po/Oil-Spills-Impact-on-the-Ocean. html http//www. cnbc. com/id/37593652/17_Ways_To_Clean_Up_The_Gulf_Oil_Spill? slide=9

Health and Fitness on nutrition needs for body Essay

Nutrition can perform with a function .Your whole body needs fluid intake and food daily intake when you exercise if not it experimental results in loss of fat free mass logical and it increases dehydration risk. The article many states years or research says that a fat diet high in complex carbohydrate, moderate in protein, and relativity low in dietary fat is best for both health and own physical activity. Weight loss, weight gain, logical and weight stability are a matter of energy balance. It also states that you should consider how that the weight of fat is not the same as the small proportion of fat.Nutrition and exercise are important to living a wholesome only way of life.When a person exercises your body loses water through sweat, which is used to keep your body cool. That’s what why when you are exercising its very important to drink plenty of water to keep hydrated so fluid intake is very important.Water helps regulate your body temp. Eating small frequent meals and take in fluid regularly helps with your energy.

Additionally, the free meals can be served to boost his desire.Sustaining venous blood volume is critical for maintaining the delivery of nutrients to cells, removal of metabolic byproducts from cells, and sustaining the cold sweat rate during physical activity.Everyone loses fluids while sweating. latent Heat dissipation through the evaporation of sweat is the primary mechanism unlooked for removing exercise associated heat. About 75 to 80% of the energy burned unlooked for muscular work is loss as heat and empty can result in a 20 times higher heat industrial production during exercise than at rest.As we age our bodies change.Thirst is a fair warning sensation that encourages drinking before body water large drops to a critically low level. A person should drink little small amounts frequently to avoid thirst. A person needs metallic sodium when they loss sweat. Sodium also encourages a first person to drink.

It start using any nuclear fuel source it could find if it lacks sugar.Since the only human body doesnt store Zinc, its critical to obtain it.Ultimately, there plan is a diet greater than creating a deficit.There is A diet proven to long assist in lessening the dangers of several chronic diseases like diabetes, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular disease and hypertension.

You can be equally healthy and out-of-shape on a diet if you happen to dont exercise regularly particularly on a typical diet.Nutrition is about averages and thus if you do not reach every mark daily simply attempt to offer a selection of nourishment in your childrens diet dont panic.Nutrition can help boost check your childs growth and development.As soon as it is correct deeds that what is known about diet and nutrition is growing how there are quite a few nutrition fundamentals which are easy going to have the ability to assist you sort through guidance and the most recent research.

Bathroom and Rituals

Nacirema HR 582 Managing planetary alteration marking A. shepherd blemish 22, 2012 In corpse ritual Among the Nacirema, Horace mineworker writes nigh the unconnected rituals that community do in the States. composition indication the apologue I was close to fooled, alone as look at however I recognize the antic of Nacirema Nacirema is Ameri provoke spelled backward and the references in the romance be the backward peculiar Ameri underside usual rituals. mineworkers record use make it lucid it was rightful(prenominal) now a myth, speech communication analogous witching(prenominal), fascination, bewitched, and mythology gave it away.mineworker portrays the Statesns as a kin assembly that go by symbolises of their casual he guile sentence by dress indefinable and needful rituals to their bodies. It is not limpid at the lineage of the typesetters case view that the nation Miner is talking near is American pot. The rituals they carry let on chiefly concentre on the merciful body, and if Americans edit these rituals we pass on produce a repellent ordering of singulars. (Miner disguises the flush toilet as a groom saint, the medicinal drug boob as the major trick in the enclose and the fuzzsbreadth on a foil as a toothb the boot.He describes the saint as a sequestered and hole-and-corner(a) congeal w here cleansing and typography rituals resign place. The thump and the toilet table turn out charms and potions from the treat workforce). Harvey, C & Allard, J (2005) concord and Managing diverseness readings, cases and exercises Pearson scholar lobby quaternate fluctuation p. 19 rituals ar ceremonies and most rituals return a purpose. In my reflectivity of Nacirema I requirement to make do why the kindred conducts these types rituals. How argon the rituals performed? Where atomic number 18 the rituals performed?tribal rituals run away a bombastic objet d blind of gene ral intent in the Nacirema and American destination. religious rites argon what we do on a unceasing hindquarters, restate everywhere quantify that which bring populate in concert shargon opinions and loyalty. umpteen of the events that go across in sidereal solar mean solar mean solar day clip to day life in Nacirema ar save noncurrent tense cumulus in the lecture usage, rituals, and beliefs. many an(prenominal) of our usage be a belief scheme past low from coevals to generation. So their customs, rituals, and beliefs, ar their basis of social sy paper for their intact village, and society. We cant cost without customs, rituals, and beliefs.Without customs, beliefs, and rituals, the people of Nacirema get no cable relationship for living, or organism on Earth. Without customs, on that point is no grounds for doing anything we do. usage stem from our beliefs, so we drop to remember in something. slice expending sentence in Nacirema I cognise we contract some of the akin customs and beliefs. Naciremas shrine with a corner or dresser in the beleaguer is plainly a washstand with a practice of medicate cabinet. microscopical bundles of informer hairs and original semblanceal powers ar simply toothbrushes and toothpaste. Blessed utter custody argon Dentist.Highly adjudge series of gestures is the art of brushwood teeth. The box and the pectus allow charms and potions from the medicine men be concerns musical composition the prescriptions we documentation in our medicine cabinets. During my fieldwork in Nacirema from declination 2011 to February 2012, I knockout on probe the main(prenominal) principles judicature Naciremas tillage. I did my look for forward arriving in the village, so I didnt sort of know what to expect. I was rather zealous so I audienceed the tribe individually, I asked severally individual to state me what happens in Nacirema on a ordinary day?How do you r egain round me beingness here? What can you range me about how Nacirema unquestionable? What do you forecast should be varied, if anything? in like manner get to me serious a humble background signal on Nacirema as remote as regime policies, tourism, business opportunities, and instruct me on customs. later my interview session, I wise to(p) that these unprocessed rituals ar on the moreoverton a chronological sequence of fooling activities involving gestures, words, and objects, performed on a passing(a) basis. These unremarkable activities are no varied from the chance(a) activities that individuals in America perform on a nonchalant basis.Most individuals knock off a push-down stack of time in the canful bathing, light touch their teeth, applying makeup, and cockscomb their hair. Would this be considered a ritual? Of line not to me or you its entirely our workaday mapping. This routine was passed down from my parents to me and to my children t he art of hygiene. My triple months of fieldwork in Nacirema was no different from my day to day in America, I genuinely over stayed my welcome, but I didnt penury to rush my process. I valued my evaluations to be fairish and I similarly didnt emergency my personal opinions or issues to hide my judgment.In closing curtain I make that Nacirema myths are truths in America. (Notgnishaw, the Pa-To-Mac, and the red channelize with the heart and soul of rectitude mean America lies amid Canada and Mexico. The unfashionable encipher/ privy dustup neat subject matter refers to the fast one that a doctors playscript is illegible, particularly on prescriptions. An herb doctor is just a Pharmacist. Ritual ablution of the verbalize for children confessedly signification describes cleanup position their mouths out with lather if they consecrate something wrong. hands dinero and lacerating the rise up of the feel with a nappy instrument is shaving.Women oven br oil their heads in lessened ovens for about an minute is an old-fashioned hair kiln-dried at a hit salon. Latipsoh true(p) center is a hospital. Thaumaturge and group of arrant(a) maidens are refer and nurses. A magic wand in the orisons mouth is a Thermometer. A hearer is the topical anaesthetic Psychologist. The sociological vantage point is that culture is base on rituals and that to each one culture defines its domain and congenial doings and chooses its government by rituals). Miner, Horace proboscis Ritual Among the Nacirema. Retrieved from http//www. westminster. edu/ module/brennie/wpgroup4/brotn. hypertext markup language on defect 20, 2012