The Hypersexualization of Young Women and the Role Models...

Free will and the ability to choose for ourselves are some of the most important natures that make us human. As a society though, we have put limits and restraints on some people for arbitrary reasons, and try to override people’s free will, especially young women. In today’s society, young women are subjected to all kinds of prejudice and double standards. From having to face the ‘slut or prude’ paradox of sex, the rules of dressing and appearance, or how to act in public, the amount of scrutiny that they face is outrageous. These issues that they face creates a social dialogue that is constantly analyzing young women and how they act, enough that it slowly worked to become social knowledge that almost every women follows consciously and†¦show more content†¦Straight, young women in the United States have adopted a new wave of feminism, and have forced it into mainstream view where any race and any class can adopt it. This variation of the feminis t movement involves â€Å"fighting fire with fire,† and they have done this by adopting the hyper sexualization of their bodies, and reversing it onto the male figure through the over sexualization of the male body. Women have also taken a major virtue of feminism, which is the right of choice. Instead of shaming others for being celibate or for being sexually active, they accept each other and push to inspire others instead of forcing them into being submissive members of the knowledge. Although, the real question is what has caused this new wave to appear so quickly, and in a way that everyone almost has the exact views and behaviors? Again, if we look towards media and its ability to make social knowledge spread like wildfire. Actresses, Musicians, and Pop Culture Icons have also adopted this behavior and started a new social knowledge fire, and young women are mimicking them. However, I feel that one person is an original fire starter of these new wave of feminism, and th at is Ke$ha. Ke$ha’s behavior has always been under watchful eye ever since she came into spotlight, and everything she does promotes this new wave, be it good or bad. Ke$ha promotes the fighting back of sexual objectification byShow MoreRelatedThe Oversexualization And Objectification Of Women1528 Words   |  7 PagesThe Oversexualization and Objectification of Women On all platforms of media, women and even young girls are oversexualized; thus leading to men viewing women as no more than breasts, vaginas, legs, or any other body part they prefer. Even in current television shows, movies, comic books, and advertisements, women are still depicted as sexual objects, which can damage a woman’s confidence. The oversexualization of women s bodies can degrade a young woman’s confidence, and when girls try to boost

Manipulating The Supernatural William Shakespeare s...

Manipulating the Supernatural It is human nature to be drawn toward people that we can relate to. Because of this Shakespeare made his characters as relatable as possible to the audience members of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth century and their views on life so he could generate more recognition for his plays. Throughout Shakespeare s plays, Othello and A Midsummer Night’s Dream, he appeals to the audience by relating to their human nature. One of the major observations of human nature that Shakespeare likely made and incorporated into his plays is the human desire to be drawn toward the seemingly supernatural and unknown. In the first of the two plays, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Othello sets a stage consisting of two dimensions: a typical perception of late fifteenth century England and a supernatural fairy world that is capable of supervising the other. The ubiquity and punctuality of all of the fairy characters as well as the presence of their magical artif acts displays the extent of which there are supernatural aspects in play. Inversely in Othello, there is a large presence of manipulation while still suggesting some supernatural elements but not admitting the story to them. In both Othello and A Midsummer Night’s Dream Shakespeare suggests a connection between the conventional understanding of manipulation and the supernatural aspects of the play by displaying the parallel outcomes of each. During the turn of Shakespeare’s success around 1595, it was his

Project Management and Evaluation free essay sample

QTN†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"If Monitoring and Evaluation is to be useful to managers, donors, participants and citizens, then the work must be honest, objective and fair. Data must be collected accurately and reporting done truthfully†. Monitoring and evaluation serves as an essential tool for ensuring sound management within the lifetime of projects or policies. There are certain activities that must be done to put into consideration the cost, time, feasibility and useful means in relation to identifying the maximum amount of information needed to meet the need of monitoring and evaluation. In essence, there should be comprehensive information that cover the full range of the required inputs, outputs, outcomes and impacts which should focus on the monitoring and evaluation purposes. Essentially the vitalness of monitoring and evaluation will be reflected upon the collection of data and information which are relevant, efficient, effective and sustainable, in relation to the aims and objectives which the stakeholders of the project or policy needed in accordance with their interest. We will write a custom essay sample on Project Management and Evaluation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For monitoring and evaluation to become valuable to managers, donors, participants and citizens, then the effort must, be straightforward, purposive and reasonable. It is the obligation of those involved in such activities of monitoring and evaluation to make sure that the data are collected accurately and that reporting is undertaken truthfully. The essay focus on discussing monitoring and evaluation work which constitutes honesty, objectivity, and fairness in relation to how useful it can be to managers, donors, participants and citizens. Also too, the collection of accurate data and undertaking truthful reporting which could be essentially important to undertake necessary adjustment within the lifetime of projects. Initially, it will base discussion on the usefulness of carrying out honest work of monitoring and evaluation and the significance it stresses, in relation to managers, donors, participants and the citizens. Moreover, it discusses the vitalness of undertaking the work which reflects the objectives. Furthermore, the usefulness of carrying out fair work, and finally, it focus on the essence of accurate data collection and undertaking truthful reporting on feedbacks of projects or policies. To start of with, monitoring and evaluation focus on searching for answers about development interventions that can be done at different times in the life cycle of the project, therefore any necessary requirements should be undertaken carefully. The work involves gathering, analysing, interpreting and reporting information on project performances. For instance, the work of monitoring and evaluation are important to such extent as providing the stakeholders with better means for learning from past experiences, improving service delivery, planning and allocating resources and demonstrating results as part of accountability to key stakeholders. Managers, donors, participants and citizens each perform certain distinctive roles and interests in which they emphasise on various perspectives in response to the work of monitoring and evaluation. The work of monitoring and evaluation can be essentially vital for managers who oversee implementation, donors and other decision makers who influence or decide the course of action related to the project. The citizens whose situations the project seeks to change and participants who implement actions of the project (Wobiro, A. 2002; p47). For monitoring and evaluation to be advantageous, then the work must be honest, objective and fair, and so there should be precise data collection and reporting to be carried out truthfully in such a way it will be significant to concerned audiences. The work of monitoring and evaluation should be honest to ensure honesty and integrity in having respect to the safekeeping, dignity and self-worth of respondents to surveys, the project participants, citizens and other stakeholders they interconnect with. Knowing that a lot may be at stake for a project, it is not surprising that some people may try to influence the way information is presented or the recommendations that are made. Wobiro, A. (2004:p79), argues that†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"While most of those carrying out the work of monitoring and evaluation would easily recognise bribe (and reject it), though it is not always easy to recognise more subtle forms of influence†. It is the responsibility of those who undertake the work of monitoring and evaluation to ensure that data on project performances are appropriately being collected and that the reporting is done truthfully to provide information to outside audience. For instance, different audience need different information on what concerns them in relation to the project performances, even when addressing the same issues. To paraphrase Kellogg Foundation (2002:p97), the distribution of honest information about the project to outside audiences can be vital as it does serve many purposes. The managers can indulge on improving the effective means on the functioning of related projects and organisation, providing an accounting purposes to donors and the regulatory bodies, convincing diverse audiences of the project’s importance, and generating further support for the projects being implemented. A monitoring and evaluation work that sits on someone’s shelf will not lead to develop project design and management. Therefore, carrying out honest monitoring and evaluation work can be effective as it does provide usable information that the project staff and other stakeholders can utilize directly to make decisions about the project. Moreover, for the work of monitoring and evaluation is to be proved useful to the responsible bodies, then it must reflect its objectives. Monitoring and evaluation that is to be usable must essentially being centred on the questions concerning the progress of the project under investigation, thus its objectives must be stated clearly as to reflect the information which the key stakeholders need to acquire. The performance based monitoring and evaluation concerns the assessment, as organized and objective as potential of intentional, enduring, or accomplished project. For example, the work is intended to define that whether the project still relevant to the problem, being considered efficient, effectively undertaken, impact, and sustainability of the project so as to incorporate lessons learned into the decision making process by the managers and other important decision makers. The work of monitoring and evaluation in essence provides worthwhile responses to managers, donors, participants and the citizens as it informs decisions on operations or activities that are related to ongoing or future project intervention. According to Rossi and Freeman, (1989:p45)†¦ â€Å"The work is for management and administrative purposes, to assess the appropriateness of program changes, to identify ways to improve the service delivery of interventions or to meet the accountability requirements for funding groups†. With the essence of the work being objectively undertaken, the project management and administration will have to, in their day to day conduct their undertakings as competently as possible. The managers and supervisors, who have reputations for wasting funds, improperly using staff resources, and in other ways being efficient, regularly endanger not only their own positions but the futures of their projects. The systematic response of objective work of monitoring and evaluation will serve as a influential tools that enables project managers to document the functioning efficiency of organisation, for easing the ways staff are employed, for requesting for the project support and, and for defending the performance of the project compared to those undertaken by the other organisations is the same social program sector. Similarly, project donors and the other stakeholders have need of evidence that what was paid for and considered necessary was actually undertaken concern over the lack of accountability of projects, particular public project continues to intensify . For instance, the objective work could be essentially vital to stakeholders as it can cater to empower corporate learning and contribute to the body of knowledge on what works, what does not and why, therefore there can be informed decisions on operations or strategy related to ongoing or future project intervention. The participants, with regards to the information needed, will be concerned with the impact or outcome of the project implementation to consider effective strategies to carry out the activities of monitoring and evaluation effectively and efficiently. The monitoring and evaluation work will pursue to measure project sound effects in relative to its specified goals, whether and to what degree the project’s inputs and services are improving the quality of people’s lives. It provides information on the changes in the behaviour and conditions of targeted communities and individuals (Rossi and Freeman, 1992; p26) by assessing the effectiveness of the project in attaining its originally stated intermediate and overall objectives. Though the project monitoring and evaluation undoubtedly aids the interests of the funders, project managers, staff, and the beneficiaries, all of whom benefit from a process that advances project actions, each of these groups might resist an impact evaluation out of concern that the result might be negative. For instance, the funders might have to admit to mistakes in judgment; project managers and staff might consider their jobs threatened; beneficiaries, if they are receiving food or other goods or services may fear their loss. Overpowering such resistance to monitoring and evaluation is not always possible, but experience suggests that resistance can be reduced if the stakeholders of a project are involved in planning for the evaluation and reviewing monitoring and evaluation data as they are being compiled. Furthermore, for the work of monitoring and evaluation to become useful, then it should be done fairly in its examination and recording of strengths and weakness of the project being monitored and evaluated, so that strengths can be built upon and problems addressed. Those involve in the monitoring and evaluation activities should make certain that the complete set of the findings along with relatable limitation are made accessible to the audience affected by the monitoring and evaluation, and any other expressed permissible privileges to receive the results. The managers to the project, donors, participants and the citizens need to have a fairly accomplished wealth of information, so that each of them essentially have the opportunity to articulate and present their needs, interests and expectations related to the project. For instance, the fair work of monitoring and evaluation aids the manager of projects to make sound management decisions to promote and made effective a more efficient allocation of resources and so, the participants can indulge in putting in place related corrective measures through implementation performance. As highlighted in the United Nation Population Fund (2001; p3), â€Å"The work gives the stakeholders a sense of ownership over monitoring and evaluation results, thus promoting their use to improve decision making, and so increases the understanding of stakeholders of their own project strategy and processes, what works, does not work and why. † The donors to the project needs accountability on the uses of funds they lend and likewise the population will expect the work to be fair as they are engaged with the growing interest that their situation seeks to change from benefits of the project outcomes. Finally, the collection of data to be carried out accurately and that reporting should be undertaken truthfully. The aim should be to identify the minimum amount of new information needed to meet the monitoring and evaluation needs. For all intents and purposes, the considerations of cost, time, feasibility and useful means must need to be very carefully selective in what was collected. The first consideration in any data collection process is to identify existing data and assess its quality. There may be existing monitoring and evaluation documentation or there may be data generated through existing reporting or budget control systems that can be adopted for the new monitoring and evaluation purposes. For example, if a project has to make regular accounting reports to the government or declare all purchases to a head office, this sort of data that you should first use. According to Wobiro, A. (2002; p32) â€Å"The collection of new data and the setting up of new monitoring and evaluation activities should only take place if existing processes cannot answer the questions that have been raised†. There is always existed a danger of creating masses of needless data that leads stakeholders to say â€Å"so what†. It is the occupations of those involve in monitoring and evaluation to ensure the data are collected accurately and reporting is done truthfully. Monitoring and evaluation activities usually engage mutually quantitative and qualitative data and most collection method involve some aspect of both. For example, you may decide to do a survey, a typical qualitative method to get people’s opinion about the outcome of a project. But to do this survey, you must make decisions about the outcome of how you choose those people and when you finish the survey you must analyse it to allow you to describe what the majority and minority opinions were. These actions require you to apply quantitative method of data collection. Additionally, the reporting on the work of monitoring and evaluation should be undertaken truthfully in ensuring to get the message across to the right people. The project managers, donors, participants and citizens will be eager enough that reporting have been undertaken truthfully, so that any necessary adjustments can be done through the implementation progress. Undertaking the finest monitoring and evaluation course of action can be done, but if you cannot put in order a well-constructed, well-presented and convincing report then all the work will be nothing. It is vitally necessary to disseminate and communicate the results to key stakeholders and other audiences as soon as possible and in forms that are easy to understand and use. As stated in the United Nation Population Fund (2001; p95) The results should be distributed to those with a direct interest in the project, particularly individuals with duty for building important decision about the project and to other potentially concerned people. Adding on to the dissemination of final report, it is useful to organise conventions, workshops and conversation groups with various stakeholders, using a variety of methods such as visual displays and sounded presentations to communicate results and to help users assimilate and interpret information. For example the monitoring and evaluation staff can prepare information on the most important findings and describe what effect they will have on the project implementation, development and expansion. Monitoring and evaluation must provide usable information. It must enable project directors, for example, to guide and shape their projects towards the greatest effectiveness. The most significant features of an effective evaluation is that it does make available usable information , information that project staff and other stakeholders can make use of directly to make decisions about the project. To conclude, the usefulness of monitoring and evaluation to the project managers, donors, participants and the citizens will be reflected upon the honest, objective, fair, accurate data collection and the truthful undertaking of reporting of information relevant to project. The work of monitoring and evaluation should be honest to ensure honesty and integrity in having respect to the safekeeping, dignity and self-worth of respondents to surveys, the project participants, citizens and other stakeholders they interconnect with. It should also to be undertaken objectively in essence that it provides worthwhile responses to managers, donors, participants and the citizens as it informs decisions on operations or activities that are related to ongoing or future project intervention. Moreover, the work of monitoring and evaluation must be carried out fairly in its examination and recording of strengths and weakness of the project being monitored and evaluated, so that strengths can be built upon and problems addressed. Those involve in the monitoring and evaluation activities should make certain that the complete set of the findings along with relatable limitation are made accessible to the audience affected by the monitoring and evaluation, and any other expressed permissible privileges to receive the results. And so, the collection of data to be carried out accurately and that reporting should be undertaken truthfully. The aim should be to identify the minimum amount of new information needed to meet the monitoring and evaluation needs. For all intents and purposes, the considerations of cost, time, feasibility and useful means must need to be very carefully selective in what was collected.

Introduction to Criminology

After reading the article, it is notable that there are awesome highlights explaining the history, development, and evolution of crime in the society. The first thing that comes out clearly from the article is the nature of crime. Different criminal activities have existed in the society over the past centuries. For example, certain criminal activities such as robbery have been common. In the recent past, new criminal activities have emerged such as piracy and gunfights.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Criminology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some crimes such as slavery have reappeared in the form of kidnappings. It is because of this aspect of crime that new technologies scientific inquiries have emerged to understand the field of criminology much better. In the 18th century, criminology emerged as a major field of study with different sociologists and scholars contributing a lot to the field . This eventually played a major role towards reforming criminal justice and law in Europe. The other fascinating issue from the article is how crime has changed over the centuries. Crime and the definition of criminal acts and deviant behaviors are â€Å"social products†. This means that the individuals in a specific society will define what should be a crime or not. Criminologists distinguish acts depending on the society and the existing political laws. It is also notable that the article explains how people identify certain acts to be bad because they have been prohibited in the society. This explains why there are some universal laws against acts such as assault, rape, and murder. The author of the article goes further to present a fascinating point of interest. There are two models of criminal law. These include the â€Å"consensus† and the â€Å"conflict† models. The consensus model explains how a society describes what is â€Å"wrong† and then imp lements the most effective laws. The conflict model, on the other hand, explains how criminology and criminal law originates from the interests or expectations of various politicians, interest groups, or leaders. This means that the definition of crime mainly reflects the expectations and views of the powerful people in a society. The article also explores the problem of crime from a sociopolitical and economic perspective thus making it a frustrating â€Å"moment†. According to statistics, global crime has been on the rise since the Second World War. Crime continues to take new forms depending on technological changes and developments.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As well, crime is a major problem because it is hard to estimate its costs. A study by David Anderson indicated that the cost of crime is very high and affects the lives of people across the world. The article e xplains how crime affects people and increases the level of government expenditure to cater for prisoners, control crime, and policing. This is the reason why governments and societies should consider the best laws to address the problem of crime because it affects all people alike. In our modern world, the article explains why crime continues to become a major challenge across the globe. Crime also has both sociological and psychological aspects thus making it full cost incalculable. That being the case, there should be new inquiries to define crime accurately and be able to address it because it is a major concern today. I would therefore recommend this article because it offers a wider range of views, insights, and understanding of crime as a major sociological issue affecting the world today. This essay on Introduction to Criminology was written and submitted by user Bart Rozum to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Operation Anaconda Battle Analysis free essay sample

Operation Anaconda, to this day, stands as the largest reported ground action in the Afghan war. This 17-day battle led to eight U. S. casualties and over 50 wounded. Operation Anaconda is viewed as a success due to coalition forces being able to kill and root out several hundred Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, which left U. S. and coalition forces in control of the Shah-i-Khot Valley. Originally intended to be a three-day battle with light resistance, a seven-day battle ensued with intense fighting and was finally stopped on 18 March after 17 long days. The classic â€Å"Hammer and Anvil† battle approach which was utilized struggled through a number of unforeseen issues: initial intelligence reports, U. S. command structure, Afghan Forces, and ground-air coordination of air strikes/support. In the following pages, the cause and effect of these issues will be discussed as well as the impact they had on Operation Anaconda pertaining to certain principles of war. We will write a custom essay sample on Operation Anaconda Battle Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The intelligence reports of the Shah-i-Khot Valley were faulty not due lack of effort. Several assets were used in trying to gather intelligence: human reconnaissance, aerial reconnaissance, and communication intercepts were all widely used. Several SOF ground reconnaissance teams were also getting as close to the valley’s floor as possible without being detected. Initial estimates of the enemy ranged from 100-1000 enemy fighters, but after arduous discussions and reports filed in, it was determined that a better estimate was 200-300 fighters with a larger civilian population numbering somewhere around 1000. This large civilian population complicated things by nullifying most attempts of heavy air strikes and support. The portrait for the upcoming battle portrayed that of a weak, demoralized fighting force armed with light weapons, however, in all actuality the enemy was heavily armed and motivated numbering close to 1000. Through the use of camouflage and knowledge of the terrain, Taliban and al Qaeda fighters were able to fool U. S. and coalition forces and lure them, in some sense, into the valley without having the element of surprise. In retrospect, we can now see that the majority of enemy fighters were already dug deep in to the mountainous terrain and ridgelines with heavy machine guns, RPGs, and artillery in some cases. The four villages on the valley floor were primarily deserted with few enemy fighters and an even fewer civilian populous; furthermore, once fighting ensued, a ‘jihad’ was declared which flooded the valley with even more enemy fighters instead of a predicted retreatment into bordering Pakistan. Because reconnaissance teams did not collect intelligence on the vast majority of these positions, this led to faulty intelligence reports channeling through the chain of command and thus leading to the initial problems confronting Operation Anaconda. The command structure during Operation Anaconda was detached and brought about a number of problems for U. S. and coalition forces. Unity of Command, a revered principle of war, was violated and ultimately affected the battle in a negative light. U. S. perations were being conducted by CENTCOM, led by General Franks, which had two main subordinate commands. Coalition Forces Land Component Command (CFLCC) and Coalition Forces Air Component Command (CFACC). Both of these commands were located in the Persian Gulf as well as the Combined Air Operations Center (CAOC), which coordinated with CFACC on whether and how to carry out air strikes when SOF units on the ground requested them. General Hagenbeck, Commanding General of 10th Mountain Division, was given command and control authority of Operation Anaconda; however, CFACC and CAOC remained in control of air component forces. This break in unity of command caused much friction in the early stages of Operation Anaconda. On the initial infil of TF HAMMER, which consisted of a large force of Afghan militia led by Zia Lodin and the Special Forces A-Teams Texas 14/ODA 594 and Cobra 72/ODA 372, pre-assault positions were reached at 0615 in the Shah-i-Khot Valley. Air support had planned to bombard enemy positions for 55 minutes; however, miscommunication between Texas 14 and higher led to a short bombardment and a total of six bombs being dropped. TF HAMMER was nsuccessful in entering the valley due to a heavy amount of small arms fire and mortar attacks. The lack of air support triggered by bad communication frustrated Afghan and Special Forces alike and led to Afghan trucks being hit heavily by pre-registered mortar fire on known choke points by Taliban and al Qaeda fighters. Unity of command is crucial in conducting a successful military operation: communication flows smoothly through a unified command, but unfortunately for a non-unified command, the reverse effect holds true. Another principle of war that was violated several times was the element of surprise. This had to do, however, with a direct correlation to communication and unity of command. In the late hours of 3 March 2002, the SEAL team, MAKO 30 was picked up by a MH-47 heading east of the peak of Takur Ghar, which is the tallest point in the Shah-i-Khot region. A problem was encountered with the MH-47 and the team had to change aircraft. This placed them off of their suspected timeline and did not allow MAKO 30 with enough time to reach the peak before daylight. The decision was made to infil MAKO 30 on the peak of Takur Ghar after aerial surveillances reported that it was secure with no human activity. Any hopes of surprising the enemy were lost and the outcome was U. S. casualties on the peak of Takur Ghar. In a sense, the principle of war maneuver comes to light when speaking of Takur Ghar as well. Even though it was not utilized in this battle, it would have been if MAKO 30 had been able to land east of the peak as originally planned. This is a great of example of how the principles of war have a domino effect on one another: each has a direct correlation to one another, and if one is violated it can, and most likely does, mean the difference in life or death. Mass is another critical principle of war that was undermined in Operation Anaconda. General Frank and CENTCOM’s goal was to keep the military presence from rising above 10,000 troops. This led to SOF units being deployed and only a handful of equivalent U. S. Army size brigades. Infantry battalions of the 101st and 10th Mountain were deployed with no tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, or artillery. It was determined that air support would make up for any lack of firepower. It became apparent after the initial push and when things took a turn for the worse that these deficiencies crippled the ground posture of U. S. forces. The only firepower the three U. S. Army battalions had, other than the lightly armed infantry personnel, were a small number of AH-64 Apaches and a few AC-130 gunships; however, one of the problems with that was, the gunships were under control of SOF forces and were only allowed to fly at night, so that further cut down on fire superiority. The Eastern Alliance Afghan forces that were fighting amongst the U. S. were not seasoned veterans. Led by Zia Lodin, this collection of Pushtun militias were eager enough to cooperate, but they were also a light infantry force that had little to no big battle experience. By not inserting a sufficient amount of combat power in a decisive manner at a certain time, CENTCOM and Washington violated the principal of war mass. Inaccurate intelligence reports led to the misinterpretation of the enemy. The lack of a clear, cohesive command structure caused breaks in communication which directly correlated to the absence or violation of several principles of war: surprise, maneuver, and mass. The ground to air coordination of air strikes and support, as well as the U. S. command structure are two key fallacies that came to light during Operation Anaconda. Ultimately these issues were resolved and the learning points of operations such as this better prepare our leaders for future operations. In the end, America wins. Go U. S. A.

Understanding the Definition of Symmetric Difference

Understanding the Definition of Symmetric Difference Set theory uses a number of different operations to construct new sets from old ones. There are a variety of ways to select certain elements from given sets while excluding others. The result is typically a set that differs from the original ones. It is important to have well-defined ways to construct these new sets, and examples of these include the union, intersection, and difference of two sets. A set operation that is perhaps less well-known is called the symmetric difference. Symmetric Difference Definition To understand the definition of the symmetric difference, we must first understand the word or. Although small, the word or has two different uses in the English language. It can be exclusive or inclusive (and it was just used exclusively in this sentence). If we are told that we may choose from A or B, and the sense is exclusive, then we may only have one of the two options. If the sense is inclusive, then we may have A, we may have B, or we may have both A and B. Typically the context guides us when we run up against the word or and we don’t even need to think about which way it’s being used. If we are asked if we would like cream or sugar in our coffee, it’s clearly implied that we may have both of these. In mathematics, we want to eliminate ambiguity. So the word or in mathematics has an inclusive sense. The word or is thus employed in the inclusive sense in the definition of the union. The union of the sets A and B is the set of elements in either A or B (including those elements that are in both sets). But it becomes worthwhile to have a set operation that constructs the set containing elements in A or B, where or is used in the exclusive sense. This is what we call the symmetric difference. The symmetric difference of the sets A and B are those elements in A or B, but not in both A and B. While notation varies for the symmetric difference, we will write this as A ∆ B For an example of the symmetric difference, we will consider the sets A {1,2,3,4,5} and B {2,4,6}. The symmetric difference between these sets is {1,3,5,6}. In Terms of Other Set Operations Other set operations can be used to define the symmetric difference. From the above definition, it is clear that we may express the symmetric difference of A and B as the difference of the union of A and B and the intersection of A and B. In symbols we write: A ∆ B (A ∠ª B) – (A ∠© B). An equivalent expression, using some different set operations, helps to explain the name symmetric difference. Rather than use the above formulation, we may write the symmetric difference as follows: (A – B ) ∠ª (B – A). Here we see again that the symmetric difference is the set of elements in A but not B, or in B but not A. Thus we have excluded those elements in the intersection of A and B. It is possible to prove mathematically that these two formulas are equivalent and refer to the same set.​ The Name Symmetric Difference The name symmetric difference suggests a connection with the difference of two sets. This set difference is evident in both formulas above. In each of them, a difference of two sets was computed. What sets the symmetric difference apart from the difference is its symmetry. By construction, the roles of A and B can be changed. This is not true for the difference between two sets. To stress this point, with just a little work we will see the symmetry of the symmetric difference since we see A ∆ B (A – B ) ∠ª (B – A) (B – A) ∠ª (A – B ) B ∆ A.

Motivational Design Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motivational Design Plan - Term Paper Example This is due to the fact that while one employee will only be motivated by a mere word appreciation others will require material rewards while others still value their welfare such as good treatment and day off at work for their motivation. This motivational design plan therefore refers to an act whereby resources are arranged as well as procedures laid in an organization in order to bring about changes in how the company stakeholders are motivated. This form of design plan is applied to the motivation of the employees to work, to develop specific motivational characteristics in individuals as well as to improve people’s skills when it comes to motivation. When making such design plans some form of creativity and understanding of the people, who work for you is required. This is because not all employees will find the same form of reward worthwhile for him or her given the uniqueness of each individual. Another consideration, which is even termed a challenge, is the mode of com ing up with a flexible and cost effective way of ensuring that all the employees are engaged in their work. There are many ways of motivating employees but according to by plan, I am going to talk about informal rewards, specific achievement and activities, formal rewards (Keller). Just as their names suggest, informal rewards reflects on the sincere and honest appreciation of individual employees efforts through a mere thank you or by writing them an appreciation letter. This mode of motivation does not have any significant costs to the organization while it influences so much in terms of its impact on the employee and organizational output as a result. The employer can as well give random time offs like early dismissal, full day off or late arrival at work and an employee will feel much motivated to work. Occasionally, the HR departments can organize events like sports, dinners or any form of social gathering and this enhances bonding. Employees also may feel part of the organizat ion if occasionally they are involved in decision-makings process to bring new ideas into the organization. Such informal rewards or motivational techniques bust the employee confidence while enhancing their management and how they relate. Therefore, such rewards ought to be consistent and immediate. As an HR, one must take note of the needs of specific individuals in the organization. Those whose needs are growth in the firm must be recognized for promotions and incentives as they show their prowess. Such specific achievement and activity rewards are formulated and publicly awarded to the achievers as all the other company employees watch. Such efforts can be recognized in the weekly newsletters or simply pinning a notice on a notice board for the rest of the company to see. Employee ideas that save the company money have to be recognized through rewards such as trophies, this may to an extent entail an award like an employee of the month trophy with the employees name engraved on them. Bonuses may also be given to employees recognized by customers are exemplary. The basic idea with such a phase of the plan is to reward the specific achievements of employees who does extra for the organization. This will make them even do more and as well influence the whole work force to start competing, which would be healthy for the organizations success in terms of productivity, revenue and competitiveness as well as customer service (Keller). Formal

In what ways and to what extent do networks and social capital Essay

In what ways and to what extent do networks and social capital influence and support entrepreneurs - Essay Example The discussion would begin with a brief overview on the entrepreneurship approaches with respect to the social network, which would further lead to the detailed discussion on social networks and theories. Further, several theories on social capital and network would be evaluated to understand their significance in entrepreneurship. The contribution of family for the creation of social capital would be also analyzed here in details. Finally the essay would be concluded stating the entrepreneurial traits and its role in the present global business scenario. An increasing trend of embedding the business decisions in the social structures, by the entrepreneurs, has been increasingly noticed these days. So a structural approach has been used to understand how the entrepreneurs utilize the social relations to acquire resources or suggestions for floating a venture or business. It goes without saying that for establishing a business, an entrepreneur requires to have various resources and co ntacts during different phases. Based on the structural approach, it has also been understood that irrespective of the cultural differences, entrepreneurs approach their social relations in the same way to acquire resources. ... This definition is also applicable for those who take over an existing venture, to start a business. The concept of social network focuses on the relationship between the entrepreneurs and those who provide resources to them for establishing the business. The entrepreneurs must have the set of skills and knowledge to test the networks and resources before utilizing them, but they also need to complement those resources by producing and delivering the goods and services for them. The entrepreneurs also get the access to the knowledge, support and distribution channel with the help of social networks. The availability of such resources helps the new firm to attain a sustainable growth. However, social networks are not permanent and they can be stimulated according to the different requirements. In order to fit the needs of the enterprise, the entrepreneur consider both the distant and close networks, with respect to the business decisions. Family members also play a critical role in ca se of entrepreneurship, as they also offer different kinds of help inform of assets or finances (Thornton, and Flynn, 2003, p. 401-402). Social networks are gaining importance among the business owners or entrepreneurs because they assist the start up firms with information, new business opportunities, advices, and various other forms of resources. The entrepreneurs to some extent are depended on these social networks which includes their personal relationship for problem solving and decision-making functions. The development of the social capital is also the outcome of establishing strong social networks. The social capital derived from the networks consist of the resources that is obtained from

Voting and High School Essay Example for Free

Voting and High School Essay Background of the Study The era of computer system has spread very fast, wide and extreme conduct of required data. Voting System for the Central Board of Student High School Department in San Sebastian College Recoletos – Manila is still using the manual process, now the proponents are ready to change the free of manual using process. This study would help them with this attributes efficiency, convenience and security not just to the integrity of voting but also the protections of the high school student voters. Based on DepED Order No. 79, s. 2009 Revised Standard Constitution and By-Laws of Supreme Student Governments in Secondary Schools signed by Secretary Jesli A. Lapus â€Å" that the significant roe, and contributions of the Supreme Student Government (SSG) in the school and in line with Students Government Program (SGP) of the Department of Education-Center for Students and Co-Curricular Affairs (DepED-CSCA), the enclosed Revised Standard Constitution and By-Laws is hereby issued for implementation in all Secondary School.† Since the beginning of elections in San Sebastian College- Recoletos High School Department,there are different problems such as fraud ,cheating , and slow process of counting ballots and human errors which can’t be removed to the mind of the voters. But the proponents believe that those irregularities will not break the will and heart of a true sebastinian. Voting must be exercised freely, safely and intelligently within voting precints. As in the present of how is the process of voting in the existing voting system works manually, manual election usually takes a long time before proclaiming the winning candidate while computerized election usually takes a short period of time before proclaiming the winning candidate. Voters will write the name of their chosen candidate in an piece of paper given by the committee and it will be placed inside a ballot box, At the end of the voting period, the assigned canvassers will count the votes manually and thus it result to human errors and slow process of tallying of votes, in order to pursue a secure and honest election, it is the function of the proponents to provide the students the means to credible system of election. Proponents define manual election as a system that counts votes using paper audits stored by a ballot box. Objectives of the Study 1. The general objective of the study is to develop an automated based voting system for San Sebastian College-Recoletos High School Department. Specific Objectives 1. The main objective of this research is to develop automated based voting system for the San Sebastian College-Recoletos High School Department. 2. It will provide a faster and easy way to vote candidates during the voting season. 3. It will ease the pain of providing hundreds of ballots but this system will totally will remove the cost and effort of printing ballots. 4. It will secure the confidential information about the result of the last election. 5. To introduce an automated voting system for San Sebastian College-Recoletos High School Department. 6. To provide a user friendly system for the high school students. 7. To employ a more organized and accurate way of electing a new board members for the high school department. Scope and Delimitation of the Study The Proponents will develop a voting system that prepares a voting process for San Sebastian College-Recoletos High School Department by creating a computer based voting system that will help the commissioners count the number of votes. 1. Voters can also see the pictures of the candidates while voting and because of that can easily identify to whom they will give their vote. 2. The System has a back-up system to save the number of votes. 3. It will only take 5 minutes for the students to vote to avoid wasting of time. 4. It has a log in security attempt limited for 3 times. 5. The proponents are planning to use Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 to realize the goal. The coverage of this study is from June to Sept 2013. 6. The researchers limit the study to Sebastian College-Recoletos High School Department. 7. The candidates are not allowed to manipulate their number of votes; the election commissioners cannot alter the voting process. 8. This system has a delimitation that the users should know, the system doesn’t have a print out of ballots. Definition of Terms Automation – process which involves the electronics and computer technology which the participation of human is less. Automated Voting System – A technology which is much faster and efficient more than the old voting system, it also involves the participation of information and communication technology individuals. Ballot – A tangible thing wherein the cast of votes writes here. Also exists in old voting/electoral process. Ballot Box – A tangible thing wherein the votes of the voters stores here for counting. Canvassers – An individual who canvass votes and plays a vital role in old voting system. Election Commission – In charge of overseeing the implementation of election procedures. Inquiry – process that has the aim of augmenting knowledge, resolving doubt, or solving a problem. Precincts – a table, place where you will vote.

The Lies Told By People Everyday

The Lies Told By People Everyday Tad William once said We tell lies when we are afraid afraid of what we dont know, afraid of what others will think, afraid of what will be found out about us. But every time we tell a lie, the thing that we fear grows stronger. In relationships and marriages, dishonesty is a love buster. But sometimes honesty is worse, like the article dishonesty it says: When a wife first learns that her husband has been unfaithful, the pain is often so great that she wishes she had been left ignorant. When a husband discovers his wifes affair, its like a knife in his heart and he wonders if it would have better not known. In fact, many marriage counselors advise clients to avoid telling spouses about past infidelity, saying that its too painful for people to handle. Besides, if its over and done with, why dredge up the sewage of the past? (Harley, 1976) They look at it as just a mistake and want to be forgiven. People are dishonest because they believe that the others cant handle the truth, which for most cases its true because the truth most of the time is bitter. But i think that no matter how hard the truth is you should just be straight up and honest. Mark Twain once said If you tell the truth you dont have to remember anything. Just like Dishonesty article says: Its this sort of confusion that leads some of the most well-intentioned husbands and wives to lie to each other, or at least give each other false impressions. They feel that dishonesty will help them protect each others feelings. But what kind of a relationship is that? The lie is a wall that comes between the two partners, something hidden, a secret that cannot be mentioned, yet is right under the surface of every conversation. (Harley, 1976) If you think about it youre going to have to take a lie and keep adding on to it more and more and you cant even remember what you said in the beginning so even though telling the truth is difficult its the easiest. With a lie youre always going to get caught up. Just like karma- what goes around comes around. And depending on the lie you can be holding all this unnecessary weight on your shoulders and be stressing about it. A Russian proverb states With lies you may get ahead in the world but you can never go back. Just like the article Dishonesty states: Dishonesty strangles compatibility. To create and sustain compatibility, you must lay your cards on the table. You must be honest about your thoughts, feelings, habits, likes, dislikes, personal history, daily activities and plans for the future. When misinformation is part of the mix, you have little hope of making successful adjustments to each other. Dishonesty not only makes solutions hard to find, but it often leaves couples ignorant of the problems themselves. (Harley, 1976) So along with lying not only would you be feeling guilty and stress, you may even regret what you have lied about which makes it even more difficult to confess what you have lied about. A lie can take care of the present and solve what you are going through momentarily, but it does not have a good future. Bill Copeland once said: When you stretch the truth, watch out for the snapback. Once you have become a liar, people cannot believe you no matter how hard you try. They will immediately develop an instinct to question the words that are coming out of your mouth. For instance, we have all heard of the tale The boy who cried wolf. The little boy would entertain himself by tricking villagers that a wolf is attacking his flock of sheep. When they came to help him, they found out that it was a false alarm and he just wasted their time. They thought he was just a little boy that was playing around. However, when the boy was actually confronted by the wolf and cried wolf, none of the villagers believed him. In other words, the moral of the story was even when liars tell the truth, they are never believed. Some people even lie because they feel desperate, like they steal because they are desperate and in need of money. They do not know where to turn to so they see this as their only way of getting away. Also another example is academic dishonesty. Some students feel really desperate to cheat or plagiarize because they want to pass or earn a decent grade. Other People basically lie sometimes just so they can get straight to what they want, like in the movie sisters keeper, the girl who had Leukemia told her 11 year old sister to lie to her mom saying that she didnt want to donate her kidney to her, but really it was because the girl with the Leukemia didnt want everyone to suffer with her. So it was a lie because the daughter didnt want to hurt her mother. Kids start learning to lie from their parents, especially when the kid is afraid of the parent. On Feb 10 2008, Po Bronson wrote an article in the New York Magazine it was a study that A doctor in a University made, this is what the article said: For a study to assess the extent of teenage dissembling, Dr. Nancy Darling, then at Penn State University, recruited a special research team of a dozen undergraduate students, all under the age of 21. Using gift certificates for free CDs as bait, Darlings Mod Squad persuaded high-school students to spend a few hours with them in the local pizzeria. Each student was handed a deck of 36 cards, and each card in this deck listed a topic teens sometimes lie about to their parents. Over a slice and a Coke, the teen and two researchers worked through the deck, learning what things the kid was lying to his parents about, and why. They began the interviews saying that parents give you everything and yes, you should tell them everything, Darling observes. By the end of the interview, the kids saw for the first time how much they were lying and how many of the familys rules they had broken. Darling says 98 percent of the teens reported lying to their parents. Out of the 36 topics, the average teen was lying to his parents about twelve of them. The teens lied about what they spent their allowances on, and whether theyd started dating, and what clothes they put on away from the house. They lied about what movie they went to, and whom they went with. They lied about alcohol and drug use, and they lied about whether they were hanging out with friends their parents disapproved of. They lied about how they spent their afternoons while their parents were at work. They lied about whether chaperones were in attendance at a party or whether they rode in cars driven by drunken teens. Most parents hear their child lie and assume hes too young to understand what lies are or that lyings wrong. They presume their child will stop when he gets older and learns those distinctions. Talwar has found the opposite to be true-kids who grasp early the nuances between lies and truth use this knowledge to their advantage, making them more prone to lie when given the chance. Although we think of truthfulness as a young childs paramount virtue, it turns out that lying is the more advanced skill. A child who is going to lie must recognize the truth, intellectually conceive of an alternate reality, and be able to convincingly sell that new reality to someone else. Therefore, lying demands both advanced cognitive development and social skills that honesty simply doesnt require. Its a developmental milestone, Talwar has concluded. (Bronson, 2008) Basically kids learn how to lie from fear. One lie that we will never stop having is, lying to ourselves. Lying to yourself maybe to build some confidence, or even maybe to understand something. The article The Human Thing to Do: Lying to Yourself by Vanessa Gilbert says: As humans, we perform a lot of acts we wish we had never done, and we spend a lot of our time on earth regretting what has already been done, something we cant change. Whether it was that bad breakup, or smoking for twenty years, or even wishing we would have gone out and exercised on those Sunday mornings, we all worry about them and we all lie to ourselves to pretend that it wasnt our fault, and that we couldnt have prevented it anymore than what we did. In fact, it seems we lie to ourselves so much we cant piece the truth apart from the false things we have told ourselves for months on end. If there is one fact I have learned in my thirteen years of life, it is that everything in this world is corrupt in one way or another. That certain aspect, religion, club, organization, or mindset didnt even start out pure because it was most likely made by humans, who are dirty, selfish, and continually seeking the solace they find in having a solution for everything. I guess you could say that lying to yourself has always been something we have done. You cant blame this one on popular culture, teenagers, or the failing economy. Humans have lived this way for thousands and thousands of years, and weve made it this far thinking the same exact way. Is it okay to be delusional and far from the truth? Is it worth knowing the truth just because it is the truth? Furthermore, would we be better off if we were up front with each other and ourselves? It may hurt to face the truth in the beginning, but in the long run, you are guaranteed to be happy. You will be happy with yourself, with the people you love, and with the cold, hard truth, and nothing else. In the process of opening your eyes, you see a lot more than just whats around you. You see what you missed, what is real, and what is to look forward to. Not everything that is true is harsh. If we do not come to realize what is real, we will continue to be let down, and we will always make the same mistakes. All our energy will all be put into something that is not helping us any. We will neither advance nor go backward. Instead of staying stagnate, why not move forward? (Gilbert, 2009) In conclusion, dishonesty isnt the best thing, and also sometimes it isnt the worse thing. Society is filled with liars and dishonest people. But there are also people that had only told a few lies. Baltasar Gracian once said A single lie destroys a whole reputation for integrity. A single lie might just ruin ones whole life. So one must watch out and think before talking or doing, so no one can get into lies. Resources: Harley, Dr. Dishonesty. Marriage Builders  ® Successful Marriage Advice. 1 Jan. 1976. Web. 30 July 2010. . Bronson, Po. Are Kids Copying Their Parents When They Lie? New York Magazine. New York Magazine NYC Guide to Restaurants, Fashion, Nightlife, Shopping, Politics, Movies. 10 Feb. 2008. Web. 31 July 2010. . Gilbert, Vanessa. The Human Thing to Do: Lying to Yourself DivineCaroline. DivineCaroline: Relationships, Health, Home, Style, Parenting, and Community for Women DivineCaroline. 07 June 2009. Web. 30 July 2010. .

Foods representing American Essay

The United States of America is a melting pot of different ethnic cultures and hence in that respect is considered to be one of the most diverse countries in the universe. The cultural cuisine is marked by the influence of different cultures and is difficult to actually say which one stands out to be a symbolic representation of American culture. But before one can delve any further it is important to understand the root significance of what is it like to be American or the American way of life. What is the American way of life all about ? Or, what is Americanism all about and how does it permeate it’s way into defining certain kinds of food onto an iconic level. Imagine food being granted the iconic status of being truly American! An average outlook on the part of most Americans, is that they generally like and prefer food that is cheap, quick, and convenient regardless of whether it is purchased from a supermarket or a fast food store. In other words, cooking or buying food is never expected to be a hassle- it ought to be fast, easy, â€Å"with minimal or economic sacrifice† (Ikerd,2009). The characteristics of America’s food culture are cost, convenience, and appearance. Let us take a look at some of the foods that have acquired an iconic brand status of being truly American. These foods have a sense of place and a signature style as being a symbolic representative of a place / region in America. What one generally gets to hear about is hamburgers, French fries, potato chips, e. t. c Apart from just the usual common food/snack varieties that are popular, and if one were to really look harder for a search- there are regional / locational foods that have shaped the thought process all across America. Apple Pie, New England Clam Chowder, Pastrami (New York), Shoofly(Pennsylvania), Smithfield ham(Virginia), Po boys (Louisiana), Fajitas (Texas). a) Apple Pie: is considered to be a European import and has come to stay in America for centuries and been perfected over the years. An American Apple pie is homely and rustic in appearance. b) New England Clam Chowder: No trip to Boston is complete without a proper bowl of clam chowder. A proper chowder is deep and aromatic, with layered flavors atop a porky foundation (Bonne, 2009) c) Pastrami (New York): Pastrami is man’s mastery over meat. It begins with a simple slab / plate of meat — a cut which is different from the grill-and-serve of the obvious hunk of a cow, needs the much needed transformation. It is then subjected to a dry cure process: salted with a good portion of cracked black pepper and maybe with a little sugar and spice — which rest on the meat as it is left to be smoked. When it is finally ready- whole pastramis are steamed for quite a few hours before serving. d) Shoofly pie (Pennsylvania): is a fruity pie and quite a tasty one. It is crusty with molasses and crumbs. The crumbs add texture to the dense and rustic pie rich with molasses in taste. According to popular Amish folklore one is reminded of the fact that the name derives itself from an activity that refers to the constant need to shoo away flies from these succulent and juicy sweet treats atop which are the generous pools of molasses that lay formed. d) Po-boys (Louisiana): This a generally considered a workaday food meant for hungry and hardworking people trying to meet ends. It’s discovery is attributed to two brothers viz. , Benjamin and Clovis Martin, who ran a restaurant in the city’s French Market. Eating a ‘Po-boy’ is quite an unforgettable sandwich treat. WORKS CITED Ikerd, John (2009) â€Å"The American Food Culture† Retrieved on 29th May, 2009 Bonne, Jon (2005) â€Å"10 Foods that make America great† Retrieved on 29th May, 2009. < http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/8392312//>

Elizabethan era architecture and interior design outline

Elizabethan era architecture and interior design outline BY Stucco 5 Architecture and Interior Design Outline Introduction The houses of the 19th century were considered as out nodded and poorly decorated. 1 . The main idea for a family home in the 19th century was an opened floor plan. 2. The main floor of a Victorian house included the porch, living room, and a dining kitchen. 3. Before the 19th century each room served its own purpose, such as a parlor, library, and 4. The number of sitting rooms. Bedrooms upstairs decreased because it was the new trend to have smaller families. The more smaller rooms you had in your house the warmer it would stay. B. During the 19th century rooms were decorated and painted in bold colors with wooden floors. 1 . Windows no longer carried long drapes that came down to the floor. 2. Bookshelves and wardrobes were then being built in. 3. This left the floor nice and clear for rearrangement of furniture and to hold various activities. 4. In Mission St yle homes wood furniture was suited best by complimenting the home. 5. The wooden furniture was also most affordable to the middle class and less fortunate. 6.The furniture lacked in comfort so people had to add throw pillows to the seats, and backs of the chairs, but the furniture did make up in durability. 7. This furniture was also used in schools, because of their durability. B. -continued- The art Nouveau Style of decoration was much more expensive so it was often found in the homes of the wealthy. 1. The designer of the furniture was the son of the most popular American Jeweler and silversmith. 2. The designers name was Louis Comfort Tiffany. 3. The decorative age â€Å"American Renaissance† took over in 1875, Louis C. Tiffany was a large factor in this takeover, with expensive taste. 5. Tiffany studied at New York City's National Academy of Arts and design. 6. Tiffany became an interior designer, who specialized in tiles, wall hangings, murals, and stained glass. 7. Hi s Job was to give character and personality to Victorian mansions, theaters, and churches. 8. Tiffany was very well paid. 9. His name soon became known as the biggest name in design and decoration. 10. The Tiffany were a father and son group. 11. The father (Charles Lewis Tiffany) owned Tiffany . C.For building the buildings during this time period they made the transition from iron frame to steel frame in 1880. 1 . During this time architects wanted to expand their creations so they started making the buildings taller. 2. In Chicago the first skyscraper was built. 3. The definition off skyscraper to an architect is † a metal frame building at least one-hundred feet tall. † 4. The home insurance building was the worlds first skyscraper, with only 12 stories. 5. Compared to the buildings now this nothing. 6. The Home Insurance Building was demolished in 1884.

The Similarities and Differences in Defining and Applying the Concepts of Forms by Platonists and Aristotelians

The Similarities and Differences in Defining and Applying the Concepts of Forms by Platonists and Aristotelians The personalities of Plato and Aristotle are recognized as central to the whole Ancient Greek Philosophy. Despite the fact that Aristotle was one of Plato’s students and spent more than twenty years at his school, some of Aristotelian concepts differ significantly from the Platonist premises. The Aristotelian definitions of forms are based on the Platonist notions but are more realistic not requiring climbing up the divided line.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Similarities and Differences in Defining and Applying the Concepts of Forms by Platonists and Aristotelians specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As one of Plato’s students, Aristotle inherited a part of Platonic notions and concepts, along with the teacher’s love for forms, however, modifying and reinterpreting them to some extent. Thus, there are a number of similarities and differences between the Platonist and Aristotelian definitions o f the forms. Plato used the notion of a Form mainly for defining the entities and values, including Beauty, Justice, and what is most important the Good. The objective truth is characteristic of these values and is important for reaching the Good and living a good life. The main similarity of the Platonic and Aristotelian forms is in their ability to be the bearers of the objective truth. â€Å"The expression ‘the F’ must have been construed as indicating something about the nature of its bearer† (Moravcsik 74). At the same time, the Aristotelian notion of forms differs significantly from his teacher’s concept. The difference between the interpretations of the notion of forms can be viewed within the grammatical framework. Platonic forms correlate with adjectives (beautiful, good) or nouns which define qualities (Beauty, the Good), while Aristotelian forms name ordinary beings and objects (rabbit, tragedy) (Roochnik 161). It is possible to apply the Aristo telian notion of form to species of animal world. Aristotle, for example, used to discuss the form of a rabbit, admitting that it is obviously different from a form of a dog. In this sense, the Aristotelian forms, in contrast to the Platonist theories, do not require climbing up the divided line and have the manifestations in the world of nature. Thus, the Aristotelian contribution to the Platonist theories of forms makes them more realistic and closer to practice, making the practical application of theoretical concepts possible. As opposed to Platonists who insist on climbing the divided line for learning the great truth, Aristotelians are more realistic and place the objects of their interest on earth, often applying their theoretical notions to the world of nature. Instead of turning from this world for the purpose of achieving the purity of forms, as it was proclaimed by Platonists, Aristotelians emphasize the importance of retrieving the objective truth from the outer world by using the human senses and especially vision. The denial from the purity of the forms was a significant step forward in developing the notions of forms and making their practical application possible, instead of leaving the concepts of form in philosophical theories only.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Aristotelian causal explanation of the forms was a valuable contribution to the theories of forms (Cooper 123). Thus, discussing the nature of particular forms and their properties, Aristotle touched upon the issue of causal relations between the nature of objects and their characteristics. Thus, making the sensual apprehension of the forms possible and not separating them from the earth life, Aristotelians made their concepts more realistic and closer to life, using the additional opportunities for retrieving the data concerning the forms and analyzing it. The Platonist an d Aristotelian notions of forms are similar in endowing the forms with the characteristic of objective truth and differ in a number of significant criteria. Using the vision and other senses for retrieving information from the earth life and applying their notions of forms to the world of nature, Aristotelians make their theories more realistic. Cooper, John. Knowledge, Nature, and the Good: Essays on Ancient Philosophy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Moravcsik,Julius. Plato and Platonism: Plato’s Conception of Appearance and Reality. Malden: Blackwell Publishers. 2000, Print. Roochnik, David. Retrieving the Ancients: An Introduction to Greek Philosophy. malden:Blackwell Publishing. 2004 Print.

History and Physical Examination Essays

History and Physical Examination Essays History and Physical Examination Essay History and Physical Examination Essay EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT TREATMENT RECORD Patient Name: Putul Barua panent ID: 135799 sex: Male Room NO. : CCU4 Date of Admission/Date of Arrival: 01107/2013 Admitting/Attending Physician: Simon Williams, MD Admitting Diagnosis: 1 . ) Rule out myocardial infarction. 2. ) History of tuberculosis. 3. ) Hemoptysis. 4. ) Status post embolectomy. CHIEF COMPLAINT Tightness in the chest, shortness of breath, fast heart rate. HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS Mr. Barua is a 42-year-old gentleman from Bangladesh who presents with chest ightness, shortness of breath, and tachycardia. Dr. J. K. McClean of cardiology is evaluating his heart condition. The patient has had the recent onset of hemoptysis. He was treated for tuberculosis in Bangladesh 15 years ago. This has prompted the concern of whether his treatment for tuberculosis was adequate or whether there is another cause for his hemoptysis. The duration of his tuberculosis treatment was apparently adequate, according to his wife, but no records are available. In addition, he patient had thrombosis of the axillary artery treated last year at Hillcrest. He had an embolectomy and has been on Coumadin since. INR is significantly elevated at 16. Nonetheless, because of the cavitary lesions that are seen in the right and left upper lobes, the possibility of tuberculosis has been raised. Ancillary history was given by the patients wife, Nupur, with the patient translating for her from the Hindi language. PAST HISTORY Tuberculosis in the past. Embolectomy at Hillcrest last year. continued) Page 2 SOCIAL HISTORY Married, with two daughters. Patient has been in the USA for 10 years. Patient has no recent history of smoking; He smoked in the past, but the amount is unclear. He is a restaurant manager for the Mariette Hotel chain. FAMILY HISTORY No known family history of diabetes, heart disease, or cancer. Mother died of a stroke. Father was killed in a MVA in Bangladesh. REVIEW OF SYSTEMS Negative other than as stated in HPI. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION V ital signs are WNL. Apparently he has had no chills, night sweats, or fevers. Generalized malaise and a lack of energy have been the main concerns. HEART: Regular rate and rhythm with Sl and S2. No S3 or S4 is heard at this time. LUNGS: Bilateral bronchi. No significant amphoric sounds are noted. ABDOMEN: Soft, nontender. No hepatosplenomegaly or masses are detected. RECTAL EXAM: Prostate smooth and firm. No stool is present for Hemoccult test. DIAGNOSIS Hemoptysis with history of tuberculosis. Room No. C Page 3 PLAN I have reviewed the chest x-rays available here and agree with the findings of bleb ormation in the right and left upper lobes. Despite the fact that the patient has had a high INR, because of his history of tuberculosis and hemoptysis, I believe obtaining sputum for TB is very, very important. We should rule out any other endobronchial lesion as the cause of his bleeding. I have discussed this matter with the patient and his wife. I have told them that there is the possibility of observing the condition via x-rays and repeated tests of his sputum. They understand that this is an option; however, they have decided that ecause of the concern regarding his repeated hemoptysis, they would consent to bronchoscopy. We will arrange for the patient to have a bronchoscopy done. He is off Coumadin. 135799 sex: Male Patient ID: Room No. : CCU4 Date ot Admission/Date ot Arrival: O Page 4 We will recheck the prothrombin time and INR tomorrow. Depending upon those results, we will proceed with bronchoscopy and further evaluation. Simon Williams, MD Pulmonology sw:tm D: 01107/2013 -r: 01/08/2013 CC: J. K. McClain, MD Cardiology

Investment Data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Investment Data - Essay Example It came into existence as a result of several mergers and acquisitions. Based on the latest Annual Report of the company, it has not issued shares of common stock using investment bankers or a syndicate of investment bankers, or at least there is no mention of any from accessible official documents ; in fact, it has been known to be buying back its shares. The only reference which could give one an inkling of common stocks being handled is this excerpt from its Notes to Financial Statements: â€Å"The merger was accounted for using the purchase method in accordance with SFAS No. 141, and the aggregate transaction value was $6,890 million, consisting of $5,829 million of cash and common stock issued at closing, $973 million of consideration for the shares acquired from . . . .† One major investment bank, Morgan Stanley, has probably handled some negotiations leading to some acquisitions. However, there is no explicit mention of Morgan Stanley anywhere in the companys most recent Annual Report, although the investment company has on several occasions made evaluative comments concerning Verizon. If anything, there seems to be a close relationship between the firm and Morgan Stanley. One of its Directors has had former ties with the investment bank: â€Å"Mr. Nicolaisen, 63, . . . has been a Director since 2005. He is also a director of MGIC Investment Corporation, Morgan Stanley and Zurich Financial Services.† (Annual Report 2007) Investment Dictionary defines Financial Intermediary as an institution that acts as the middleman between investors and firms raising funds. Often referred to as financial institutions. Investopedia states that it can include chartered banks, insurance companies, investment dealers, mutual funds, and pension funds. building societies, credit unions and financial advisers or brokers. Evidently, the investment banker also serves as financial adviser and broker/dealer for

Radio spot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Radio spot - Essay Example THE DEPARTMENT MAINTAINS THAT THE OUTSIDE APPEARANCE OF AN ORGANIZATION ENHANCES ITS CHANCES OF ATTRACTING CUSTOMERS. THIS GIVES IT AN OPPORTUNITY TO INCREASE SALES, CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMY. THE ORGANIZATION THROUGH ITS UNIQUES DECORATIVE TECHNIQUES THAT ARE AIMED AT CONSERVATING THE ENVIRONMENT HAS MADE IT POPULAR AMONG HOME OWNERS, AS WELLS AS SMALL SCALE BUSINESS OWNERS. THIS IS BECAUSE OF THE AFFORDABILITY OF ITS SERVICES, AS WELLS AS THE HIGH QUALITY OF ITS PRODUCTS. THIS ATTRIBUTES HAS MADE THE ORGANIZATION TO POSSESS A STRONG BRAND NAME, EQUIVALENT TO THAT OF MULTINATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS SUCH AS COCA COLA, AND NIKE. BECAUSE OF THIS ASPECTS, THE DEPARTMENTS OF ENVIRONMENT AND COMMERCE MANAGED TO NOTICE THE ORGANIZATION, THEREBY REVEIVING AN AWARD FROM THE FEDEARL GOVERNMENT. THIS IS ORGANIZATION IS A PERFECT EXAMPLE OF HOW EMERGING ENTERPRENEURS, CAN MAKE IT IN THE FIERCE AMERICAN BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT. THEY MUST COME UP WITH UNIQUE IDEAS, AND EMPHASIZE ON HARD WORK. FOR MORE INFORMATION ON THE AWARDS PRESENTED TO THE ORGANIZATION, VISIT ITS WEBSITE AT,

Kuwait Oil Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Kuwait Oil Company - Case Study Example In the year 1975, the Kuwait government took over KOC completely. A new era began in the year 1975, December 6th with the nationalization of Kuwait's oil industry (Simon et. al 1996, pp. 1055). Kuwait started negotiations in the early 1970s in order to restore control over its own natural oil resources, in accordance with all the other Arab oil producing states. With the mutual agreements with the two original partners of the company, the shareholding of the state in Kuwait Oil Company was increased until full control was achieved by the state. An agreement was signed in the year 1975, March 5th, by the State of Kuwait and the two oil companies, British Petroleum and Gulf, giving the state complete control of its oil resources. The accident and emergency department works all seven days a week on a twenty-four hour rotation for the treatment of all emergency cases without any delay. The doctor on-duty can seek consultation of any Specialist at any instant, whether it's during official working hours or apart from it. This division facilitates a number of services, like: Family Practice Services Diabetic Services Dermatology Services Child Welfare Services Family Medicine in the Medical Group is an amazing feature held inside the hospital premises. This service was initiated in early seventies i.e. fifteen years after the Hospital had been established in the form of General Practice Services. At present, there is a team of eighteen General Practitioners +M.O. Dermatology are practicing primary health care as well as constituting the Hospital Medical Outpatient Department. These highly dedicated medical experts conduct their consultation on a daily basis from 0700 to 2200 hours, all working days. These experts are looking after a population of around hundred thousands, constituting the Oil Sector Employees and their families. They take the responsibility for taking initial decisions on each and every medical problem that can arise. The General Practitioners are always in close contact with all the specialties and hospital facilities. The Nursing Service Division at Ahmadi Hospital, in compliance with International and Kuwait Nurses Association standards, works with the mission and function to provide an organizational structure and environment assuring the professional growth of employees, through active participation in education, continuous provision of high quality care and utilization of resources in an effective manner. Nursing has an inevitable role in the society which

The Transformation of Lucius Essay Example for Free

The Transformation of Lucius Essay The book†The Transformations of Lucius†, also known as Golden Ass, or Metamorphoses, is a story with magic, adventure and lesson. This was translated from the original Latin text into English by Robert Graves. The book by Lucius Apuleius, adapted a Greek story. The story is a journey spiced with mix of erotic, comedy, and romantic encounters. However, the story can be observed as a religious fable. It is one of the early European literature pieces with Eastern influence and a very modern feel. Written almost 2000 years ago, the book retains its energy and excitement that entertains the readers and the message or lesson that it employs. The Lucius’ transformation of man turning into ass provides a situation that enables the character to experience hardships and make dramatic scenes for the story. This determines the struggle to play upon. This instance of transformation of a man into an ass implies a magical experience which can be seen throughout the story. Some instances are the mysteries of Isis and having himself performed miracles necessitating the mastery of magic and sorcery. However, the story emphasizes the reality through twists of events like tragic and drama. The novel portrays about the man and the struggle of life in a world of limited resources. Magic as described in the story does not eliminate the reality or incapacity to o certain things. The author limits the use of magic, in order to focus on a more human experience such as struggle. One struggle that Lucius had arises from his own inner desires for pleasure. The journey to escape from the bonds of desire is a challenge endured by Lucius. In the story, sensual aspects of life through descriptions of erotic scenes illustrate pleasurable and the painful way of living life. The author put the character into a situation where he can show that maturation and the right wisdom needed to survive ones desires. Another conflict that arises is from outside the character. This occurs between individuals or even a larger group of persons. It gives description of the society during that time, illustrating the heroes, senators and other magnates of Roman power, also simple shepherds and farmers, cooks and scullions, artesans, slaves and beggars, and thieves of the underworld. When Lucius, as an ass, is forced to work in a flour-mill, the author describes the hideous conditions of the slaves working there. The author implied unacceptable conditions in the Empire and is a demand for reform. The construction of the story has alternation between comic and tragic experiences and between romantic and dramatic instances. One comic encounter is when Lucius and his host Milo which is offset by the tragic of Socratess death. The character’s romantic sexual encounters with the maidservant contrast with the horrifying story of Thelyphrons disfigurement. There are also tragic and dramatic experiences like Luciuss own capture by the dacoits and his miserable experiences at the farms. Luciuss transformation from man to ass is comic-tragic. The Lucius and Fotis episodes could also be termed comic-romantic and his funny adventures with the priests. All throughout, the story alternates between naughty and humorous happenings and dramatic or tragic events. These elements are meant to provide excitement to the readers through unpredictable events. The novel, â€Å"The Transformations of Lucius†, is a portrayal of man’s struggle and eventually finding a true interpretation of his experience. It is important in every struggle to discover the meaning behind the things that one experience. That makes one person worthy of the success he earned. REFERENCE The Transformations of Lucius, otherwise known as The Golden Ass. translation, notes by Robert Graves. New York: Farrar, Straus Giroux, 2000 (1950).

Symbolism in The Yellow Wallpaper :: essays research papers

Symbolism in The Yellow Wallpaper The Yellow Wallpaper is overflowed with symbolism. Symbols are images that have a meaning beyond them selves in a short story, a symbol is a detail, a character, or an incident that has a meaning beyond its literal role in the narrative. Gilman uses symbols to tell her story of a woman's mental state of being diminishes throughout the story. The following paragraphs tell just some of the symbols and how I interpreted them, they could be read in many different ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The title itself, The Yellow Wallpaper, is symbolizing the role men play in a patriarchal society, where men are the more dominant sex, and how women are 'trapped'; in a life of male control. For instance, At night in any kind of light, in twilight, candlelight, lamplight, and worst of all moonlight, it becomes bars!';(Gilman 211) This shows how the narrator feels trapped by the paper. Another symbol that refers to the role women play is, 'And she is all the time trying to climb through that pattern, it strangles so; I think that is why it has so many heads.';(Gilman 213) This is meaning that if a women tried to play a role in society she was just not taken seriously, or felt like trying to play a role was getting nowhere.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The way Gilman describes the wallpaper tells of what the narrator's mind is thinking, 'and when you follow the lame uncertain curves for a little distance they suddenly commit suicide.';(Gillman 206) She doesn't think this on the conscious level but more on the unconscious level. When the narrator writes, '(The designs) destroy themselves in unheard of contradictions.';(Gillman 206) She is speaking of her state of mind subconsciously, the narrator is on the brink of losing her mind at this point. Gillman writes, 'There is a recurrent spot where the pattern lolls like a broken neck and two bulbous eyes stare at you upside down. '(Gillman 207) She was explaining how the wallpaper is like a 'watchdog'; or a guard of some type, watching her every move, naturally making her nervous.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think that the narrator feels much alone in life, even though she has a family who cares for her. She is clinically depressed so naturally she is going to feel isolated from the world. Speaking about a house that the narrator grew up in, she writes, 'and there was one chair that always seemed like a strong friend.

Personal Leadership

There are as many leadership philosophies as people and rightly so. Each person is unique in their own ways with specific personality traits and aptitudes which make them who they are. While some people are more naturally inclined towards leadership than others, the majority of leaders are developed through the continued honing of their leadership skills. Along their leadership Journeys people acquire various skills and paradigms allowing them to extend and apply themselves beyond their own natural abilities.While people cannot change their genetic makeup, they an take specific action and make certain decisions to help them be an effective leader. In this paper I will discuss three leadership concepts (personal integrity, transforming leadership, and encouraging and enabling others) which convey my leadership philosophy. Finally, I will illustrate how the adaptation of these three concepts would help a person lead their organization more effectively. PERSONAL INTEGRITY There are many leaders and managers in our world who are given titles, yet fail to lead, guide, or unite their constituents because they fail to model their expectations.In The Leadership Challenge, Kouzes and Posner (2002) begin a discussion of modeling by saying â€Å"Titles are granted, but it's your behavior that wins you respect† (p. 14). While salaries and titles may have some personal value toa leader, they mean little to their subordinates and may even be a target for criticism for some if a leader lacks integrity. As a leader, it is critical to model the way and move forth with servant leadership. Servant leadership is different from the traditional power- based leadership in many ways.Robert Greenleaf (2005) defines and identifies the oals of servant leadership by saying this: â€Å"The difference manifests itself in the care taken by the servant-first to make sure that other people's highest priority needs are being served. The best test, and difficult to administer, is: Do tho se served grow as persons? Do they, while being served, become healthier, wiser, freer, more autonomous, more likely themselves to become servants? And, what is the effect on the least privileged in society?Will they benefit or at least not be further deprived? † (p. 25) The focus of servant leaders is on the raising up and growth of constituents through modeling. Rather than assigning a task and expected a result, servant leaders will come alongside constituents teaching them the way to accomplish the task and at the same time instilling the values of servanthood and modeling in them. effective leadership and greater rapport amongst constituents. Yukl (2006, p. 210) writes that â€Å"Integrity is a primary determinant of interpersonal trust.Unless one is perceived to be trustworthy, it is difficult to retain the loyalty of the followers or to obtain cooperation and support from peers and superiors. † Without the support and eamwork of constituents, a leader will fail t o meet the set goals. The Center for Creative Leadership found that the absence of integrity directly correlated with the failure of leaders and vice versa (p. 211). For a leader to develop integrity amongst their constituents, they must be deemed honest, trustworthy, loyal, and uphold confidentiality.The development of a leader's integrity requires time, energy, and patience invested in their workers through modeling and servant leadership. John J. Gardiner summarizes this competently in saying â€Å"integrity comes from sublimating our egos nd giving ourselves entirely to life† (Spears, 1998, p. 1 19). TRANSFORMING LEADERSHIP Many different paradigms of leadership exist and are useful tools for leading groups of people to success, but transforming leadership offers an excellent overarching view and structure for leaders to use when working with people of different values and persuasions.James MacGregor Burns says the transforming leader â€Å"looks for potential motives in the followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs, and engages the full person of the follower,' which results in ‘a relationship of mutual stimulation and levation' for both leader and follower† (Carey, 2008, p. 7). By having insights into the constituents' attitude towards the organization, the transforming leader can develop personalized strategies to help workers move closer accomplishing both the goals of the organizations and their personal aspirations.In the second module, the five frames of reference were described illustrating the disruption causes by self-embeddedeness. Being stuck in a single frame of reference can become a problem for a worker when required to work with those stuck in other frames of reference. When the partial truths contained in one of the individual the frames are confused with the whole Truth, then whatever value there is in the frame's outlook becomes distorted† Carey, 2008, p. 2). When a leader operates solely within a single frame of reference, their distortions impact the goals and workers of the organization.Transforming leaders move from their original frame of reference towards a â€Å"fundamental option for self-transcendence† which â€Å"pulls the individual toward the logos and, therefore, in the direction of either transactional or transforming leadership† (Carey, 2008, p. ). While transactional leadership is sometimes necessary to accomplish intermediate goals and simple tasks, the conversion of workers to leaders through transforming leadership will be more likely to accomplish long-term success for both the organization and its constituents.I have never encountered a person who has claimed they have received too much encouragement. I have also never met anyone that has single-handedly made their organization successful. In other words, leaders need to be surrounded with people united in purpose for their organization to be successful. One of the best ways to align constituents with your vision and goals is through forming relationships through encouragement. â€Å"Giving encouragement requires us to get close to people and show that we care†¦ t's more likely to accomplish something other forms (of feedback) cannot: strengthening trust between leaders and constituents† (Kouzes and Posner, 2002, p. 321). Futhermore, Freire (2000) describes the benefits of an encouraged and enabled group of workers when he writes: â€Å"This adherence coincides with the trust the people begin to place in themselves nd in the revolutionary leaders, as the former perceive the dedication and authenticity of the later.The trust of the people in the leaders reflects the confidence of the leaders in the people. † ( p. 150) Encouraging and enabling constituents is ongoing task that requires a continual commitment of transforming leaders. However, the satisfaction and success that comes with leading an encouraged team of workers enabled to do their Job well is unparallel a nd critical to the overall success of organizations.†Leadership is not an affair of the head. Leadership is an affair of the heart† (Kouzes and Posner, 2002, p. 99) It is with those words that The Leadership Challenge concludes and we are reminded that transforming leadership all begins with the heart and integrity of the leader. However, character and integrity are not enough as transforming leaders are required to not only understand various frames of reference, but also pull constituents towards the logos enabling them to operate outside their natural frame of references and in the process become transforming leaders themselves.When leading with integrity, a transforming leader who encourages and enables positions themselves, their constituents, and their organization for success.

Organizational Behavior and Leadership Essay

   Effective Communication: Partnership in Italy Melissa Chang is a business woman from US who is about to travel Venice, Italy to meet with her company’s partnering company. During the preparation of the trip she faces different obstacle like she was stressed and her friend cancelled their trip to Moscow at the last minutes. She was afraid of meeting the Italian Partner, however after collecting necessary information upon making phone contact with the company’s partnering company to confirm her travel plans. When Melissa meets face-to-face with the partners, she quickly realized their source of frustration and at the same time she was able provide all the information requested by them about the product. She was also able to answer all the questions and explain the business process during the first meeting in a productive way and also maintain the relationship for the further business for the future. Both Melissa and Italian partner drew up the projected plan for the next fiscal year at the end of the week. The Presid ent of the Italian office arranges a formal dinner in her honor and appreciates the professionalism of Melissa. Analysis and Findings In this case US company is not providing the basic product information due to which Italian partner were unhappy which may lead to cancellation of the partnership. When Melissa agrees to visit to Venice, Italy then she meet their partner company face to face, listen all their views and provide them with all the required information and answer all their questions on the spot due to which the partner company we really impressed with her performance and they started building the positive attitude towards US company. Melissa’s communication impact on Italians The company has not upheld the basic business standard due to which the Italian partners were frustrated. If the things did not get up cleared quick they company of US may lose the partnership. As Melissa Chang has a very good communicating skill through which she impressed the Italian partner and gain the positive appreciation. Melissa has both interpersonal and communicating skill. She has an ability to work with one-on-one as well as she can present a good public image for the organization. She was aware of her own internal noise and the role it can play with her own listening abilities which makes her the best situational leader. She possessed the three basic competencies in influencing as diagnosing (being able to understand the situation you are attempting to influence); adapting (being able to adapt your behavior, and the other things that you have control over, to the contingencies of the situation); and communicating (being able to put the message in a way that people can easily understand and accept) (Hershey, Blanchard & Johnson, 2011). Primary Sources of Information Prior to Melissa’s Visit Effective communication plays a very important role in an organization. In order to do any work first we need to collect the information regarding the work which is very important. In this case, Melissa collected all the information of Italian partner through the phone call. But in this company it doesn’t show the good commutation because the colleague of the Melissa cancelled their recent trip to Moscow at the last minute, and do not respond to the requests of partnering or Host Company of Italy for information. This kind of behavior clearly shows that employees have lack of professionalism and negligence. So the perception of the company towards the parent company at US was not good. The parent company at US is just focusing on the profit and forgetting the other factors that help in the maximization of the profit. So the parent Company is sending Melissa for the visit of the Italian partners without proper guidance and training. Melissa believes those Italian partner was frustrated and may cancel the partnership. So due to her effective communication and situational leadership she is successful to gain the Italians business. Thus we need to gather information from face-to-face communication or other means of communication like email,  telephone, and fax etc. is very essential to begin any new business or work which makes easier to understand the situation and deal with it. Primary Sources of Information after Melissa’s Visit Before beginning any new thing the first thing we need to is gathering information regarding the new thing which makes easier to perform new task. In this case Melissa gathered and learned many things before visiting to the Italy, Venice. The parent company at US was doing negligence and doesn’t provide the information to the partner company at Venice as per requirement on time. When Melissa travelled to Venice and had face-to-face communication with their partner company at Italy, she realizes the reason for the frustration as the parent company at US has not provided the basic information regarding the product. She was successful on answering all the quarries of the partner company and also maintains the positive relationship for the business in the future. The partner company also agrees to discuss details for the next fiscal year plan. The partner company appreciates Melissa’s ability of communicating and the performance of her and also the partner company arranges a formal dinner program in her honor. So face-t- face communication helps to gather all the necessary and available information before beginning any new task. The president of the partner company noted the empathetic listening skills and ability to relate to their business needs and being critical to their future success and also praises her for her quick action and decisiveness she demonstrated during their meeting. Melissa’s Change in Attitude Dealing the Italian Partners When Melissa reached Venice, Italy she was quite stress but she quickly realize that the partners companies were frustrated from their prospective because the parent company at US was not providing the proper information regarding the product. But Melissa was fascinated with the serenity of the Italian partners. Diagnosing and communicating might account for Melissa’s change in attitude about dealing with the Italian partners after her visit. After face to face meeting with Partner Company she was able to she was able to understand the situation over there. But after meeting the partner company she was able to answer all their queries and also provided all the  information regarding the product due to which they were happy about the performance of Melissa because she was able to handle the critical situation in a proper manner. She was also invited for the dinner by the president of the partner company at Venice which motivates her and feels more confidence and also the Italian Partner were more committed towards the product then before. Similarly, the dedication of Italian partners toward their works might also account for Melissa’s change in attitude about dealing with the Italian partners after visit. Summary and Conclusions Effective communication by business managers facilitates information sharing between company employees and can substantially contribute to its commercial success. Effective communication should generate the desired effect and maintain the effect, with the potential to increase the effect of the message. Interpersonal skills and written and oral communication skills are important not only in obtaining a job, but also in performing effectively on the job. Therefore, communication is essential to keep the organization functioning at maximum level and to make the most of the management human resources (Hershey, Blanchard & Johnson, 2011). References Brandt, W. K., & Hulbert, J. M. (1976). Patterns of Communications in the Multinational Corporation: An Empirical Study. Journal of International Business Studies. Hersey, P., Blanchard, K., & Johnson, D. (2011).Managing of Organizational Behavior: Leading Human Resources. (9th ed., pp. 243-250). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.